Estimated odds ratios of demographic characteristics and alarm symptoms for upper GI malignancies, based on unadjusted and multivariable adjusted regression models.

€Multivariable model is adjusted for age, gender, educational level, cigarette smoking and history of weight loss, GI bleeding, persistent vomiting and dysphagia.‡H. pylori infection is detected based on Rapid Urease Test (RUT), during endoscopy.

多变量模型经年龄、性别、受教育水平、吸烟状况，以及体重减轻、胃肠道出血、持续性呕吐与吞咽困难病史校正。
幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）感染通过内镜检查过程中的快速尿素酶试验（Rapid Urease Test, RUT）进行检测。