Clinical characteristics and outcomes of diabetics hospitalized for COVID-19 infection: A single-centered, retrospective, observational study

Some debates exist regarding the association of diabetes mellitus (DM) with COVID-19 infection severity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to describe and compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without DM. In this single-centered, retrospective, observational study, we enrolled adult patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the Shariati hospital, Tehran, Iran, from February 25, 2020, to April 21, 2020. The clinical and paraclinical information as well as the clinical outcomes of patients were collected from inpatient medical records. A total of 353 cases were included (mean age, 61.67 years; 57.51 % male), of whom 111 patients were diabetics (mean age, 63.66 years; 55.86 % male). In comparison to those without DM, diabetic patients with COVID-19 were more likely to have other comorbidities, elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP), elevated blood sugar (BS), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The association of DM with severe outcomes of COVID-19 infection (i.e. mechanical ventilation, median length of hospital stay and mortality) remained non-significant before and after adjustments for several factors including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and comorbidities. Based on our results DM has not been associated with worse outcomes in hospitalized patients for COVID-19 infection.

目前学界关于糖尿病（diabetes mellitus, DM）与新冠病毒感染病情严重程度及病死率的关联尚存争议。本研究旨在描述并对比合并与未合并糖尿病的住院新冠病毒感染患者的临床特征与转归情况。本研究为单中心回顾性观察研究，纳入了2020年2月25日至2020年4月21日期间，伊朗德黑兰沙里亚蒂医院收治的成年新冠病毒感染患者。研究人员从住院患者的电子病历中收集了患者的临床资料、辅助检查结果及临床转归数据。最终共纳入353例患者，平均年龄为61.67岁，男性占比57.51%；其中111例为糖尿病患者，平均年龄63.66岁，男性占比55.86%。与未合并糖尿病的新冠患者相比，合并糖尿病的新冠患者更易合并其他基础疾病，且更易出现收缩压（systolic blood pressure, SBP）升高、血糖（blood sugar, BS）升高、估算肾小球滤过率（estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR）降低及血尿素氮（blood urea nitrogen, BUN）升高。在对年龄、性别、体重指数（body mass index, BMI）、吸烟状态及基础疾病等多因素进行校正前后，糖尿病与新冠病毒感染的严重不良转归（即机械通气、中位住院时长及病死率）之间的关联均无统计学意义。本研究结果显示，在住院的新冠病毒感染患者中，糖尿病并未与更差的临床转归相关联。