UCE-based phylogenomics of the lepidopteran endoparasitoid wasp subfamily Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) unveils a new Neotropical tribe

During the past two decades, the phylogenetic relationships and higher-level classification of the subfamily Rogadinae have received relevant contributions based on Sanger, mitogenome and genome-wide nuclear data. These studies helped to update the circumscription of this subfamily as well as its tribal classification, with six tribes being currently recognized (Aleiodini, Yeliconini, Clinocentrini, Betylobraconini, Stiropiini, and Rogadini). Various tribal relationships, however, still need to be solved, as well as the monophyly of Yeliconini with respect to the members of the previously regarded betylobraconine tribe Facitorini. Here we conducted a phylogenomic analysis for Rogadinae based on UCE data and carried out a comprehensive morphological examination of three new rogadine genera of uncertain tribal placement. Our best estimate of phylogeny, which was almost fully supported, confirmed the basal position of Rogadini within the subfamily as well as a Facitorini (Yeliconini +Aleiodoni) clade, which led us to propose the former group as a valid rogadine tribe, Facitorini stat. res. The Stiropiini, on the other hand, was recovered for the first time as sister to the remaining rogadine tribes with the exclusion of Rogadini, whereas Clinicentrini was sister to a clade containing Betylobraconinae + the three undescribed genera. The relationships recovered and the gathered morphological evidence led us to place the above new genera and the recently described genus Gondwanocentrus in a new rogadine tribe, Gondwanocentrini trib. nov. We described these genera (Ghibli gen. nov., Racionais gen. nov., and Soraya gen. nov.) with two to three new species each (G. miyazakii sp. nov., G. totoro sp. nov., R. brunus sp. nov., R. kaelejay sp. nov., R. superstes sp. nov., S. alencarae sp. nov., and S. venus sp. nov.). A new species of Facitorini, Jannya pasargadae sp. nov., is also described. Our newly proposed classification expands to eight and 66 the number of tribes and genera within Rogadinae, respectively.

近二十年来，基于桑格测序（Sanger）、线粒体基因组（mitogenome）及全基因组核数据，学界已针对矛茧蜂亚科（Rogadinae）的系统发育关系与高阶分类体系开展了多项相关研究。上述研究更新了该亚科的分类范围界定及其族级分类系统，当前共认可6个族：韧茧蜂族（Aleiodini）、Yeliconini族、Clinocentrini族、Betylobraconini族、Stiropiini族以及矛茧蜂族（Rogadini）。然而，诸多族间的系统发育关系仍有待厘清，且Yeliconini族相对于此前被归为Betylobraconini族的Facitorini族类群的单系性问题，亦尚未解决。

本研究基于超保守元件（UCE）数据开展了矛茧蜂亚科的系统基因组学分析，并对3个分类地位未定的矛茧蜂亚科新属进行了全面的形态学检视。本研究得到的最优系统发育树几乎获得全节点支持，其结果证实了矛茧蜂族（Rogadini）在该亚科中的基部分支地位，同时验证了Facitorini族与（Yeliconini + Aleiodoni）构成的单系支，据此我们将Facitorini族恢复为有效族级分类单元（Facitorini stat. res.）。另一方面，Stiropiini族首次被恢复为除矛茧蜂族（Rogadini）外其余矛茧蜂族类群的姊妹群；而Clinocentrini族则与包含Betylobraconinae亚科与3个未描述属的单系支构成姊妹群。基于本研究得到的系统发育关系与整合的形态学证据，我们将上述3个新属以及近年发表的Gondwanocentrus属归入新建立的矛茧蜂亚科族——Gondwanocentrini trib. nov.。

本研究对这3个新属（Ghibli gen. nov.、Racionais gen. nov.及Soraya gen. nov.）进行了正式分类描述，每个属包含2至3个新种：G. miyazakii sp. nov.、G. totoro sp. nov.、R. brunus sp. nov.、R. kaelejay sp. nov.、R. superstes sp. nov.、S. alencarae sp. nov.以及S. venus sp. nov.。此外本研究还描述了Facitorini族的1个新种：Jannya pasargadae sp. nov.。本次研究提出的新分类体系将矛茧蜂亚科（Rogadinae）的族级单元增至8个，属级单元增至66个。