<p>Direct effects of the variables.</p>

In this paper, we propose an approach to estimate the role of entrepreneurial finance and social capital distribution in crowdfunding (CF) and varieties of entrepreneurial ecosystems after the COVID pandemic for rural women in Pakistan. Primary data were collected from 1,004 rural women. Using SmartPLS, hypotheses were analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling. The mainstream tests used for checking the discriminant validity are the Fornell and Larcker Criteria, Heterotrait–Monotrait ratio, Average Variance Extracted, Variance Inflation Factor (VIF), and the factor loadings of each item for each variable. Similarly, the reliability of the data was analyzed through Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability. The results showed that crowdfunding, social capital distribution, and the variety of an entrepreneurial ecosystem could play a vital role in the entrepreneurial intentions of rural women in Pakistan. Moreover, the distribution of social capital plays a positive role in the variety of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The study also provides a benchmark pathway for social change for rural women in Pakistan following the COVID-19 pandemic, revealing how various entrepreneurial ecosystems can assist them in achieving their business goals by providing a clear roadmap for crowdfunding (CF).本文提出一种研究范式，用以评估新冠疫情后巴基斯坦农村女性群体在众筹（crowdfunding, CF）场景与各类创业生态系统中，创业金融与社会资本分布所发挥的作用。本研究共收集1004名农村女性的一手调研数据，借助SmartPLS工具，采用偏最小二乘结构方程模型（Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, PLS-SEM）对研究假设开展检验。本研究采用主流方法验证区分效度，具体涵盖Fornell-Larcker准则（Fornell and Larcker Criteria）、异质特质-同质特质比（Heterotrait–Monotrait ratio, HTMT）、平均方差萃取量（Average Variance Extracted, AVE）、方差膨胀因子（Variance Inflation Factor, VIF）以及各变量对应题项的因子载荷。同时，本研究通过克朗巴哈α系数（Cronbach’s alpha）与组合信度（composite reliability）检验数据信度。研究结果显示，众筹、社会资本分布以及创业生态系统的多样性，对巴基斯坦农村女性的创业意向具有显著正向影响。此外，社会资本分布对创业生态系统的多样性具有积极推动作用。本研究同时为新冠疫情后巴基斯坦农村女性的社会变革提供了基准参考路径，阐明了各类创业生态系统如何通过明确众筹实施路径，助力该群体实现商业目标。