The minimal anonymized dataset.

Introduction
Substance use has been a long-standing global public health problem with detrimental physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences at individual and societal levels. Large-scale and gender-specific studies on the dual use of alcohol and khat are limited. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dual alcohol and khat use and identify associated factors among male adults in Ethiopia.
Methods
The present study used data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Prior to data analysis, the data were weighted to ensure a representative sample and obtain a reliable estimate. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with alcohol and khat use. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval and P value ≤ 0.05 in the multivariable model were used to identify significant factors associated with alcohol and khat use.
Results
This study included 12,688 participants, of which (80.29%) were from rural areas. The mean age of participants was 30.92 years old. The prevalence of neither Alcohol nor Khat users were (33.2%); 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (32.4–34.1) only Khat users (22.0%); 95% CI (21.2–22.7), only Alcohol users (35.6%); 95% CI (34.7–36.4), and dual Alcohol and Khat users were (9.0%); 95% CI (8.5–9.5). At the individual level: being in the age group of 15–29 years and 30-49years increases the odds of Khat chewing by AOR (95%CI) 2.27 (1.75, 2.89) and 1.55 (1.16, 2.07) times, respectively. At the community level: males from Amhara 3.49(1.91, 6.42), and Tigray 2.7(1.49, 5.05) regions were more likely to drink alcohol.
Conclusion
The high prevalence of dual alcohol and khat use implies for greater access to evidence-based treatment. Multiple factors are associated with alcohol and khat use at individual and community levels. All male adults would benefit from targeted preventive strategies.

引言
物质使用是长期存在的全球性公共卫生问题，在个体与社会层面均会造成有害的生理、心理、社会及经济后果。针对酒精与恰特草（khat）联合使用的大规模分性别研究较为匮乏。本研究旨在估算埃塞俄比亚成年男性群体中酒精与恰特草联合使用的流行率，并识别其相关影响因素。
方法
本研究使用2016年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查（EDHS）的数据。在数据分析前，对数据进行了加权处理以保证样本代表性并获得可靠的估算结果。采用多分类多层logistic回归模型识别与酒精及恰特草使用相关的影响因素。以校正比值比（Adjusted Odds Ratios, AOR）、95%置信区间（CI）以及多变量模型中P值≤0.05作为筛选与酒精和恰特草使用显著相关因素的标准。
结果
本研究共纳入12688名研究对象，其中80.29%来自农村地区，研究对象的平均年龄为30.92岁。未使用酒精与恰特草者的流行率为33.2%（95%CI：32.4%~34.1%）；仅使用恰特草者为22.0%（95%CI：21.2%~22.7%）；仅使用酒精者为35.6%（95%CI：34.7%~36.4%）；同时使用酒精与恰特草者为9.0%（95%CI：8.5%~9.5%）。在个体层面：年龄处于15~29岁和30~49岁组的人群咀嚼恰特草的校正比值比分别为2.27（95%CI：1.75~2.89）和1.55（95%CI：1.16~2.07）。在社区层面：来自阿姆哈拉州和提格雷州的男性饮酒的校正比值比分别为3.49（95%CI：1.91~6.42）和2.70（95%CI：1.49~5.05）。
结论
酒精与恰特草联合使用的高流行率提示需进一步推广循证治疗方案。在个体与社区层面均存在多种与酒精及恰特草使用相关的影响因素，因此所有成年男性群体均可从针对性的预防策略中获益。