National Incident-Based Reporting System, 2022: Extract Files

The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is a part of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR), administered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). NIBRS is an annual data collection that compiles information on criminal incidents and arrests reported by participating law enforcement agencies. NIBRS data as formatted by the FBI are stored as a series of single files organized by various segment levels (record types). There are six main segment levels: administrative, offense, property, victim, offender, and arrestee. Each segment level has a different length and layout. Significant computing resources are necessary to work with the data in its single-file format. In addition, the user must be knowledgeable about working with data in complex file types. The extract files version of the NIBRS files was created to simplify working with NIBRS data. Data management issues with NIBRS are significant, especially when two or more segment levels are being merged. For these reasons and the desire to facilitate the use of NIBRS data, ICPSR created the extract files. The data are not a nationally representative sample of crime in the United States.

国家基于事件报告系统（National Incident-Based Reporting System，以下简称NIBRS）隶属于由美国联邦调查局（Federal Bureau of Investigation，FBI）管理的统一犯罪报告计划（Uniform Crime Reporting Program，UCR）。NIBRS为年度数据采集项目，汇总参与执法机构上报的刑事案件及逮捕相关信息。经美国联邦调查局格式化后的NIBRS数据，以一系列单文件形式存储，并按不同分段层级（记录类型）进行组织。其主要分段层级共6类，分别为行政段、犯罪行为段、财产段、受害者段、作案人段及被捕者段。各类分段层级均拥有独特的长度与格式布局。若需处理单文件格式的此类数据，则需耗费大量计算资源。此外，使用者需具备处理复杂文件格式的专业知识。为简化NIBRS数据的处理流程，NIBRS提取文件版本应运而生。NIBRS的数据管理问题较为突出，尤其是在合并两个及以上分段层级的数据时。基于上述原因，同时为推动NIBRS数据的普及应用，大学间政治与社会研究联盟（Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research，ICPSR）开发了此类提取文件。该数据集并非美国犯罪情况的全国代表性样本。