Replication Data for: The Legacy of Political Violence across Generations

Does political violence leave a lasting legacy on identities, attitudes, and behaviors? We argue that violence shapes the identities of victims and that families transmit these effects across generations. Inherited identities then impact the contemporary attitudes and behaviors of the descendants of victims. Testing these hypotheses is fraught with methodological challenges; to overcome them, we study the deportation of Crimean Tatars in 1944 and the indiscriminate way deportees died from starvation and disease. We conducted a multigenerational survey of Crimean Tatars in 2014 and find that the descendants of individuals who suffered more intensely identify more strongly with their ethnic group, support more strongly the Crimean Tatar political leadership, hold more hostile attitudes toward Russia, and participate more in politics. But we find that victimization has no lasting effect on religious radicalization. We also provide evidence that identities are passed down from the victims of the deportation to their descendants.

政治暴力是否会对身份认同、态度与行为产生持久影响？本研究认为，暴力会塑造受害者的身份认同，且家庭会将这类影响代际传递。这种代际传承的身份认同，进而会影响受害者后代当下的态度与行为。验证上述假说面临诸多方法论层面的挑战；为克服这些难题，本研究聚焦1944年克里米亚鞑靼人遭驱逐事件，以及被驱逐者因饥饿与疾病无差别死亡的情形。我们于2014年针对克里米亚鞑靼人开展了多代际调查，结果显示：遭受迫害程度更深的受害者后代，对自身族群的认同度更高，对克里米亚鞑靼族政治领导层的支持度也更高，对俄罗斯的态度更具敌意，且政治参与度更强。但研究同时发现，过往受害经历对宗教极端化并无持久影响。此外，我们还提供了证据，证明身份认同可从驱逐事件的受害者传递至其后代。