Table_7_Seed Composition and Amino Acid Profiles for Quinoa Grown in Washington State.XLSX

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a pseudocereal celebrated for its excellent nutritional quality and potential to improve global food security, especially in marginal environments. However, minimal information is available on how genotype influences seed composition, and thus, nutritional quality. This study aimed to provide a baseline for nutritional quality of Washington grown quinoa and test the hypothesis that these samples contain adequate amounts of essential amino acids to meet daily requirements set by the World Health Organization (WHO). One hundred samples, representing commercial varieties and advanced breeding lines adapted to Washington State, were analyzed for content of 23 amino acids, as well as crude protein, ash, moisture, and crude fat. Mean essential amino acid values for Washington grown quinoa met the daily requirements for all age groups for all essential amino acids, except for the amount of leucine required by infants. We found that only nine genotypes met the leucine requirements for all age groups. A total of 52 and 94 samples met the lysine and tryptophan requirements for all age groups, respectively. Mean values for isoleucine, leucine, lysine, tryptophan, valine, and the sulfur and aromatic amino acids are higher for Washington grown samples than those reported previously reported in the literature. Our results show that not all Washington grown quinoa samples meet daily requirements of essential amino acids, and we identify limiting amino acids for the germplasm and environments investigated. This study provides the first report of leucine as a limiting amino acid in quinoa. Additional research is needed to better understand variation in quinoa nutritional composition, identify varieties that meet daily requirements, and explore how genotype, environment, and management interactions influence nutritional quality.

藜麦（Chenopodium quinoa Willd.）是一种以优异营养品质著称的假谷物，具备改善全球粮食安全的潜力，尤其在边际耕地环境中。然而，目前关于基因型如何影响种子成分进而影响营养品质的相关研究信息仍较为匮乏。本研究旨在为华盛顿州种植的藜麦建立营养品质基线，并验证相关假说：即本次采样的藜麦样本中必需氨基酸含量足以满足世界卫生组织（World Health Organization, WHO）制定的每日推荐摄入量。本研究共分析了100份适配华盛顿州种植环境的商业品种及优良育种品系样本，检测了23种氨基酸、粗蛋白、灰分、水分及粗脂肪的含量。华盛顿州种植藜麦的必需氨基酸平均含量，除婴儿所需亮氨酸外，均可满足各年龄组的每日推荐摄入量。研究发现，仅9个基因型的藜麦可满足所有年龄组的亮氨酸需求。共有52份和94份样本分别可满足所有年龄组的赖氨酸与色氨酸需求。华盛顿州种植的藜麦样本中，异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸以及含硫氨基酸和芳香族氨基酸的平均含量，均高于此前文献报道的数值。本研究结果表明，并非所有华盛顿州种植的藜麦样本均可满足每日必需氨基酸需求，同时明确了本次研究中所涉及的种质与环境下的限制性氨基酸。本研究首次报道亮氨酸为藜麦中的限制性氨基酸。后续仍需开展更多研究，以进一步明晰藜麦营养成分的变异规律，筛选出可满足每日推荐摄入量的品种，并探究基因型、环境与管理措施之间的交互作用如何影响藜麦营养品质。