Data Sheet 1_Construction and empirical study of China's snow sports evaluation Index system.docx

IntroductionThis study aimed to construct a scientifically-grounded evaluation index system for snow sports development in China, addressing persistent challenges in mass participation, industry cultivation, and regional coordination despite competitive achievements. The research was motivated by the transformative impact of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and the need for a locally adapted evaluation framework that maintains international comparability.
MethodsA mixed-methods approach was employed, combining in-depth interviews with 43 experts analyzed via grounded theory to develop a three-level indicator system (3 primary, 13 secondary, and 54 tertiary indicators). A combined weighting method integrated objective data characteristics and normative design principles, applied to panel data from 2015–2019. Regression analysis was conducted to quantify the impact of Winter Olympics investment.
ResultsThe overall development index increased 10.92-fold from 2015 to 2019 with mass participation showing the most rapid growth (12.71-fold) followed by competitive development (10.64-fold) and economic development (8.82-fold). Regression analysis confirmed that Winter Olympics investment had a significant positive impact (β= 0.1661, p < 0.1) while cost expenditure was a significant barrier (β= −0.0190 to −0.0398, p < 0.05).
DiscussionStrategic Olympic investment catalyzed holistic development, particularly in mass participation, amplified by policy campaigns like “Engaging 300 Million People in Ice and Snow Sports.” The concentric circle model validated the interconnectedness of competitive, mass, and economic dimensions. However, high operational costs threaten long-term sustainability, necessitating policies to improve.

引言
本研究旨在构建一套基于科学依据的中国冰雪运动发展评价指标体系，以破解当前我国冰雪运动在群众参与、产业培育及区域协同等方面存在的长期短板，尽管我国冰雪运动在竞技层面已取得一定成绩。本研究的开展契机源于2022年北京冬奥会的变革性影响，同时也亟需一套适配本土国情且兼具国际可比性的评价框架。

研究方法
本研究采用混合研究方法，通过对43位专家开展深度访谈并基于扎根理论进行分析，构建了三级评价指标体系（3个一级指标、13个二级指标及54个三级指标）。研究结合客观数据特征与规范设计原则，采用组合赋权法对2015-2019年的面板数据进行分析，并通过回归分析量化冬奥会投入的影响效应。

研究结果
2015至2019年间，整体发展指数提升了10.92倍；其中群众参与维度增速最快，达12.71倍，其次为竞技发展维度（10.64倍）与经济发展维度（8.82倍）。回归分析结果证实，冬奥会投入对冰雪运动发展具有显著正向影响（β=0.1661，p<0.1），而运营成本支出则为显著阻碍因素（β=-0.0190至-0.0398，p<0.05）。

讨论
冬奥战略投入推动了冰雪运动的整体发展，尤其在群众参与层面成效显著，并借由“带动三亿人参与冰雪运动”等政策宣传活动得以进一步强化。本研究构建的同心圆模型验证了竞技、群众与经济三大维度间的内在关联。然而，高额运营成本对冰雪运动的长期可持续发展构成威胁，亟需出台相关政策予以优化完善。