Table_3_RING Zinc Finger Proteins in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance.DOCX

RING zinc finger proteins have a conserved RING domain, mainly function as E3 ubiquitin ligases, and play important roles in plant growth, development, and the responses to abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, temperature, reactive oxygen species, and harmful metals. RING zinc finger proteins act in abiotic stress responses mainly by modifying and degrading stress-related proteins. Here, we review the latest progress in research on RING zinc finger proteins, including their structural characteristics, classification, subcellular localization, and physiological functions, with an emphasis on abiotic stress tolerance. Under abiotic stress, RING zinc finger proteins on the plasma membrane may function as sensors or abscisic acid (ABA) receptors in abiotic stress signaling. Some RING zinc finger proteins accumulate in the nucleus may act like transcription factors to regulate the expression of downstream abiotic stress marker genes through direct or indirect ways. Most RING zinc finger proteins usually accumulate in the cytoplasm or nucleus and act as E3 ubiquitin ligases in the abiotic stress response through ABA, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and ethylene signaling pathways. We also highlight areas where further research on RING zinc finger proteins in plants is needed.

RING锌指蛋白（RING zinc finger proteins）拥有保守的RING结构域，主要作为E3泛素连接酶发挥功能，在植物生长发育以及对干旱、盐渍、温度、活性氧与有害金属等非生物胁迫的响应中扮演重要角色。RING锌指蛋白主要通过修饰与降解胁迫相关蛋白来参与非生物胁迫响应。本文综述了RING锌指蛋白的最新研究进展，涵盖其结构特征、分类、亚细胞定位与生理功能，重点聚焦于非生物胁迫耐受性相关研究。在非生物胁迫条件下，定位于质膜的RING锌指蛋白可作为传感器或脱落酸（ABA）受体参与非生物胁迫信号转导。部分定位于细胞核的RING锌指蛋白可发挥类似转录因子的作用，通过直接或间接方式调控下游非生物胁迫标记基因的表达。大多数RING锌指蛋白通常富集于细胞质或细胞核中，并通过脱落酸、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）以及乙烯信号通路，作为E3泛素连接酶参与非生物胁迫响应。本文还梳理了植物RING锌指蛋白领域尚待进一步研究的方向。