<b>Multiple stressors shape </b><b>soil </b><b>microbial functional diversity worldwide</b>

We collected soils from 200 sites on a global scale to measure stressors. Sampling sitesincluded all dominant terrestrial ecosystems, i.e., temperate forests, seasonal tropical forests, temperate grasslands, subtropical woodlands, polar tundra and shrublands, providing a good representation of the most common environmental conditions found in terrestrial environments on all seven continents. We considered ten common environmental factors that can result in stress when passing high levels. These factors were aridity (inverse of aridity index), temperature (maximum temperature), seasonality (precipitation and temperature seasonality and diurnal temperature range), extreme events(extreme dry events, extreme wet events, heatwave days), fire, salinity, distance from neutral pH(acidification), levels of heavy metals (soil As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), human influence (for example, human-influence index and fertilization)and UV radiation.To evaluate the reliability and validity of the findings derived from the global field survey, we employed an additional dataset comprising 1409 sites distributed globally. This dataset encompassed a diverse range of ecosystem types, including alpine soil, bare land, desert, forest, grassland, shrubland, tundra and volcanic soil.本研究于全球200个采样点位采集土壤样品，以测定各类土壤胁迫因子。采样点位覆盖了全球所有主要陆地生态系统，包括温带森林、季节性热带森林、温带草原、亚热带林地、极地苔原与灌丛，可充分代表七大洲陆地环境中最常见的环境条件。本研究纳入了十种常见环境因子，当其水平过高时会引发土壤胁迫效应，具体包括：干旱度（干旱指数的倒数）、温度（最高气温）、季节变异性（降水与温度的季节变化幅度以及气温日较差）、极端事件（极端干旱事件、极端湿润事件、热浪日数）、火灾、盐度、pH偏离中性的程度（酸化程度）、重金属含量（土壤中砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)及锌(Zn)）、人类活动影响（如人类活动影响指数与施肥水平）以及紫外辐射(UV radiation)。为评估本次全球野外调查所得结果的可靠性与有效性，本研究引入另一组全球分布的数据集，该数据集包含1409个采样点位，涵盖高山土壤、裸地、荒漠、森林、草原、灌丛、苔原与火山土壤等多样生态系统类型。