574_dataset of Oreocharis_20240617

A peltate-leaved new species,<i> Oreocharis scutifolia </i>Z. Xie, Miao Zhang &amp; H. H. Kong, endemic to the Dry and Hot Valley of the Jinsha River Basin, Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated here. It is similar to <i>O. cordatula</i> (Craib) Pellegr. and <i>O. aurantiaca</i> Baill. in floral characters, but differs in its peltate leaf blades, which are unique in the genus (and only occur in one population of <i>O. henryana </i>Oliv., but its flowers are smaller, campanulate and deep purple). Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on transcriptome data also supported <i>O. scutifolia</i> as a new species, while it forms a sister group with <i>O. henryana</i>, <i>O. cordatula</i>, <i>O. minor</i> Pellegr. and <i>O. aurantiaca</i> Baill. (LPP = 1). The new species <i>O. scutifolia</i> is assessed as "Critically Endangered" following the IUCN categories and criteria, due to its small population, and narrow distribution range, thus making it facing serious threat from human disturbance, invasive plants and decreasing habitat.

本文对中国云南金沙江干热河谷特有的盾叶新种——谢氏马铃苣苔（*Oreocharis scutifolia* Z. Xie, Miao Zhang & H. H. Kong）进行了描述并附插图。该种在花部特征上与*O. cordatula* (Craib) Pellegr.和*O. aurantiaca* Baill.相似，但以其盾状叶片为显著鉴别特征；盾状叶片在马铃苣苔属中极为独特，仅在*O. henryana* Oliv.的一个居群中存在该性状，而该居群对应的植株花更小、呈钟形且为深紫色。基于转录组数据的分子系统发育分析同样支持*O. scutifolia*为一新种，该种与*O. henryana*、*O. cordatula*、*O. minor* Pellegr.及*O. aurantiaca* Baill.构成姊妹群（LPP=1）。依据世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）的分类与标准，鉴于该新种种群规模狭小、分布区狭窄，其面临人类活动干扰、外来入侵植物及生境缩减带来的严重威胁，因此被评定为"极危"。