青藏高原黑河流域野牛沟冻土形变速率和活动层厚度数据（2018-2021）

利用Sentinel-1A卫星SAR数据，基于SBAS-InSAR技术获取了青藏高原黑河流域野牛沟多年冻土区2018~2021年的地表形变速率，多年冻土区地表形变主要由冻土冻胀融沉引起，融化过程中体积减少与土壤中冰含量密切相关，通过把融化期累计的融化沉降量与土壤含水量联系起来，利用水与冰的密度关系建立基于土壤含水量的活动层厚度反演模型，估算了研究区的活动层厚度，结果表明，三年的整体形变较为稳定，季节形变振幅平均值为3.3 mm，年际形变速率平均值为-0.1 mm/yr。发生沉降的区域主要集中在野牛沟河上游两侧的不稳定型多年冻土区，沉降区伴随明显的周期性循环特征；活动层厚度在0.3~6.5 m，平均值为2.47 m。对开展大范围、高分辨率冻土形变监测具有十分重要的意义。

Using Sentinel-1A satellite SAR data and the SBAS-InSAR technique, surface deformation rates of the Yeniugou permafrost region in the Heihe River Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, from 2018 to 2021 were obtained. Surface deformation in permafrost regions is mainly caused by frost heave and thaw settlement of permafrost. The volume reduction during thawing is closely related to the ice content in the soil. By correlating the cumulative thaw settlement during the thawing period with soil water content and leveraging the density relationship between water and ice, an inversion model for active layer thickness based on soil water content was established, and the active layer thickness of the study area was estimated. The results showed that the overall deformation over the three years was relatively stable, with an average seasonal deformation amplitude of 3.3 mm and an average interannual deformation rate of -0.1 mm/yr. Subsidence areas are mainly concentrated in the unstable permafrost regions on both sides of the upper reaches of the Yeniugou River, and these areas exhibit obvious periodic cyclic characteristics. The active layer thickness ranges from 0.3 m to 6.5 m, with an average value of 2.47 m. This study has significant implications for conducting large-scale, high-resolution permafrost deformation monitoring.