Table_1_Patients' Health & Well-Being in Inpatient Mental Health-Care Facilities: A Systematic Review.DOCX

Background: Previous research indicates that the physical environment of healthcare facilities plays an important role in the health, well-being, and recovery outcomes of patients. However, prior works on mental healthcare facilities have incorporated physical environment effects from general healthcare settings and patient groups, which cannot be readily transferred to mental healthcare settings or its patients. There appears to be a specific need for evidence synthesis of physical environmental effects in mental healthcare settings by psychopathology.
Purpose: This review evaluates the state (in terms of extent, nature and quality) of the current empirical evidence of physical environmental on mental health, well-being, and recovery outcomes in mental healthcare inpatients by psychopathology.
Method: A systematic review (PRISMA guidelines) was performed of studies published in English, German, Dutch, Swedish, and Spanish, of all available years until September 2020, searched in Cochrane, Ovid Index, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science and identified through extensive hand-picking. Inclusion criteria were: Adult patients being treated for mental ill-health (common mental health and mood disorders, Cochrane frame); inpatient mental health care facilities; specifications of the physical and socio-physical environment (e.g., design features, ambient conditions, privacy); all types of empirical study designs. Quality assessment and data synthesis were undertaken.
Results: The search retrieved 1,068 titles of which 26 met the inclusion criteria. Findings suggest that there is only indicative evidence of the impact of the physical healthcare environment on patients' mental health, well-being, and recovery outcomes. There is significant lack of pathology-specific evidence. Methodological shortcomings and empirical scarcity account for the poor evidence.
Conclusion: This review highlights the need for more research using advanced study designs.

背景：既往研究表明，医疗保健设施的物理环境对患者的健康、福祉及康复转归结局具有重要作用。然而，现有针对精神医疗设施的相关研究，均借鉴了通用医疗场景与普通患者群体中的物理环境影响结论，这类结论难以直接迁移至精神医疗场景或精神疾病患者群体中。当前亟需基于精神病理学（psychopathology）分类，对精神医疗场景中的物理环境影响证据进行系统整合。
目的：本综述从研究范围、性质与质量三个维度，评估当前基于精神病理学（psychopathology）分类的、针对精神医疗住院患者的物理环境对其心理健康、福祉及康复转归结局影响的实证证据现状。
方法：本研究遵循PRISMA指南开展系统综述（systematic review），检索了截至2020年9月发表于英语、德语、荷兰语、瑞典语及西班牙语的所有相关研究，检索数据库包括考克兰图书馆（Cochrane）、Ovid数据库（Ovid Index）、心理学文摘数据库（PsycINFO）、PubMed及Web of Science，并通过广泛的人工筛选确定文献。纳入标准如下：因精神健康问题（涵盖常见精神障碍与心境障碍，采用考克兰框架）接受治疗的成年患者；精神医疗住院设施；明确提及物理环境与社会物理环境（socio-physical environment）的相关特征（如设计要素、环境条件、隐私保护）；所有类型的实证研究设计。本研究同时开展了质量评价与数据整合工作。
结果：本次检索共获取1068篇文献题名，其中26篇符合纳入标准。研究结果显示，目前仅存在提示性证据表明医疗保健物理环境对患者的心理健康、福祉及康复转归结局存在影响，且严重缺乏针对特定精神病理学类型的相关证据。方法学缺陷与实证研究匮乏是导致当前证据质量不佳的核心原因。
结论：本综述强调，亟需采用更先进的研究设计开展更多相关研究。