<b>Exercise alters molecular profiles of inflammation and substrate metabolism in human white adipose tissue</b>

White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a significant role in whole-body energy homeostasis, and its excess typifies obesity. In addition to WAT quantity, perturbations in the basic cellular processes of WAT (i.e. quality) are also associated with obesity and metabolic disease. Exercise training alleviates metabolic perturbations associated with obesity; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive these metabolic adaptations in WAT are not well described. Abdominal subcutaneous WAT biopsies were collected after an acute bout of exercise (1 day after) at baseline and following three weeks of supervised aerobic training in sedentary overweight women (<i>n</i> = 6) without alterations in body weight and fat mass. RNA-seq, global proteomics, and phosphoproteomics in WAT revealed training-induced changes in 1527 transcripts, 154 proteins, and 144 phosphosites, respectively. Training decreased abundance of transcripts and proteins involved in inflammation and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and increased abundance of transcripts and proteins related with fatty acid esterification and lipolysis. In summary, short-term aerobic training significantly reduces local inflammation and increases lipid metabolism in WAT of sedentary overweight women – independent of alterations in body and fat mass. As such, some of the health benefits of aerobic training may occur through molecular alterations in WAT (i.e. enhanced quality) rather than a sheer reduction in WAT quantity.白色脂肪组织（White Adipose Tissue，WAT）在全身能量稳态中发挥关键作用，其过量堆积是肥胖的典型特征。除白色脂肪组织的总量外，其基础细胞过程的紊乱（即脂肪组织质量异常）同样与肥胖及代谢性疾病相关。运动训练可缓解肥胖相关的代谢紊乱，但目前尚不清楚驱动白色脂肪组织产生此类代谢适应的潜在分子机制。本研究于基线状态下，以及对久坐超重女性开展为期三周的监督式有氧训练后，在一次急性运动后1天采集腹部皮下白色脂肪组织活检样本；所有受试者的体重与脂肪量均未发生改变，最终纳入6名受试者（n=6）。对白色脂肪组织开展RNA测序、全局蛋白质组学及磷酸化蛋白质组学分析后发现，有氧训练分别诱导了1527个转录本、154个蛋白质及144个磷酸化位点的表达变化。有氧训练可降低与炎症及细胞外基质（Extracellular Matrix，ECM）组分相关的转录本与蛋白质丰度，同时提升与脂肪酸酯化及脂肪分解相关的转录本与蛋白质丰度。综上，短期有氧训练可显著降低久坐超重女性白色脂肪组织的局部炎症水平并提升其脂质代谢能力，且该效应不依赖于体重与脂肪量的变化。由此可见，有氧训练的部分健康益处可能通过白色脂肪组织的分子改变（即提升脂肪组织质量）实现，而非单纯减少白色脂肪组织的总量。