Hypertriglyceridemia promotes dysfunctions in high-density lipoprotein increasing the cardiovascular risk

Abstract Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with several metabolic diseases. The triglycerides (TG) disrupt the cholesterol reverse transport and contribute to increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) acts in cholesterol reverse transport as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. This study aims to investigate the role of hypertriglyceridemia in the functionality of HDL. Individuals were divided into 4 groups based on high or low HDL-c and triglycerides levels. Biochemical and anthropometric analysis were performed. This study demonstrated that triglycerides promote dysfunctions on HDL, increasing the cardiovascular risk. Blood pressure was higher in subjects with low HDL. Women presented higher levels of HDL-c and low percentage of fat mass. The highest levels of triglycerides were observed in older age. In addition, high levels of triglycerides were associated with higher total cholesterol and LDL-c levels, non-HDL-c, non-esterified fatty acids, and blood glucose, increasing in the ratio of non-HDL-c/HDL-c and ApoB/ApoA-I. The increase of triglycerides levels progressively impairs the antioxidant capacity of HDL, probably due to a higher occurrence of fatty acid peroxidation in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia. Patients with high HDL and low TG levels increased the Lag Time. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between TG versus HDL particle size, variables that depend on age and anthropometric parameters.

摘要：高甘油三酯血症（Hypertriglyceridemia）与多种代谢性疾病密切相关。甘油三酯（triglycerides, TG）可干扰胆固醇逆转运过程，导致低密度脂蛋白（low-density lipoprotein, LDL）水平升高。高密度脂蛋白（high-density lipoprotein, HDL）在胆固醇逆转运中发挥抗炎与抗氧化的生物学作用。本研究旨在探讨高甘油三酯血症对高密度脂蛋白功能的影响。研究对象依据高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-c）与甘油三酯水平的高低分为4组，随后对所有受试者开展生化指标检测与人体测量学分析。本研究结果显示，甘油三酯会损伤高密度脂蛋白的功能，升高心血管疾病风险。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平较低的受试者，其血压水平更高。女性受试者的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平更高，体脂百分比更低。高龄人群的甘油三酯水平最高。此外，高甘油三酯血症与总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c）、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-HDL-c）、非酯化脂肪酸（non-esterified fatty acids）以及血糖水平升高相关，同时伴随非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值与载脂蛋白B（apolipoprotein B, ApoB）/载脂蛋白A-I（apolipoprotein A-I, ApoA-I）比值的升高。甘油三酯水平的升高会逐步损害高密度脂蛋白的抗氧化能力，这可能与高甘油三酯血症受试者体内脂肪酸过氧化事件的发生率升高有关。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平高且甘油三酯水平低的患者，其血浆滞后时间（Lag Time）更长。此外，甘油三酯与高密度脂蛋白颗粒大小（HDL particle size）呈正相关，而这两个变量均受年龄与人体测量学参数的影响。