HISTORICAL FORMATION OF UZBEK TOPONYMS: CONTACT LAYERS, ADAPTATION, AND CULTURAL MEMORY

This article examines the historical formation of Uzbek toponyms from diachronic and linguocultural perspectives. Based on the revised Uzbek segment of the original corpus, it analyzes Turkic, Iranian-Sogdian, Arabic-Islamic, Mongolian, and late administrative layers, as well as the mechanisms of graphic and phonetic adaptation of place names across different writing traditions. The study establishes that Uzbek toponymy combines natural motivation with memory of trade routes, sacred geography, and ethnopolitical history. A four-stage model of the historical development of a place name is proposed: substrate - contact - adaptation - canonization.本文从历时语言学与语言文化学双重视角，考察乌兹别克地名词汇的历史形成过程。本研究基于经修订的原始语料库乌兹别克语子数据集，分析了突厥语、伊朗-粟特语、阿拉伯-伊斯兰语、蒙古语及后期行政用语等多层语源，同时探讨了不同书写传统下地名的书写与语音适配机制。研究证实，乌兹别克地名系统兼具自然理据性，同时承载着商贸通道、神圣地理空间与民族政治历史的记忆。本文提出地名历史演变的四阶段模型：底层语积淀—接触融合—适配调整—规范化定型。