Data_Sheet_1_General Psychopathology, Cognition, and the Cerebral Cortex in 10-Year-Old Children: Insights From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.PDF

General psychopathology and cognition are likely to have a bidirectional influence on each other. Yet, the relationship between brain structure, psychopathology, and cognition remains unclear. This brief report investigates the association between structural properties of the cerebral cortex [surface area, cortical thickness, intracortical myelination indexed by the T1w/T2w ratio, and neurite density assessed by restriction spectrum imaging (RSI)] with general psychopathology and cognition in a sample of children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Higher levels of psychopathology and lower levels of cognitive ability were associated with a smaller cortical surface area. Inter-regionally—across the cerebral cortex—the strength of association between an area and psychopathology is strongly correlated with the strength of association between an area and cognition. Taken together, structural deviations particularly observed in the cortical surface area influence both psychopathology and cognition.

一般精神病理与认知功能可能存在双向交互影响。然而，脑结构、精神病理与认知功能三者间的关联机制仍未明确。本短篇研究报告基于青少年脑认知发展（Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development, ABCD）研究的儿童样本，探讨大脑皮层结构特性[包括皮层表面积、皮层厚度、以T1加权/T2加权比值（T1w/T2w ratio）为指标的皮层内髓鞘形成，以及通过限制谱成像（Restriction Spectrum Imaging, RSI）评估的神经突密度]与一般精神病理和认知功能之间的关联。研究发现，精神病理水平越高、认知能力越低的个体，其皮层表面积往往更小。在跨大脑皮层的各个脑区间，某一脑区与精神病理的关联强度，与其与认知功能的关联强度呈显著正相关。综上，尤其在皮层表面积中观察到的结构异常，会同时对精神病理与认知功能产生影响。