DataSheet1_The anti-inflammation and skin-moisturizing effects of Boehmeria tricuspis-mediated biosynthesized gold nanoparticles in human keratinocytes.DOCX

Introduction: Recently, nanotechnology has emerged as a potential technique for skin generation, which has several treatment advantages, such as decreased drug cytotoxicity and enhanced skin penetration. Boehmeria tricuspis (BT) belongs to the Urticaceae family and is rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds. In this study, we biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (BT-AuNPs) using BT extract to explore their anti-inflammatory and skin-moisturizing properties in keratinocytes.
Methods: Field-emission transmission electron microscopy, energydispersive X-ray spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier-transforminfrared spectroscopy were used to examine the synthesized BT-AuNPs. qRT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA were applied for investigating the effect of BT-AuNPs on anti-inflammation and moisturizing activity in HaCaT cells.
Results: At concentrations below 200 μg/mL, BT-AuNPs had no cytotoxic effect on keratinocytes. BT-AuNPs dramatically alleviated the expression and secretion of inflammatory chemokines/cytokine, such as IL-6, IL-8, TARC, CTACK, and RANTES in keratinocytes stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ (T + I). These anti-inflammatory properties of BT-AuNPs were regulated by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. Furthermore, BT-AuNPs greatly promoted hyaluronic acid (HA) production by enhancing the expression of hyaluronic acid synthase genes (HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3) and suppressing the expression of hyaluronidase genes (HYAL1 and HYAL2) in HaCaT cells.
Discussion: These results suggest that BT-AuNPs can be used as a promising therapeutic alternative for treating skin inflammation. Our findings provide a potential platform for the use of BT-AuNPs as candidates for treating inflammatory skin diseases and promoting skin health.

引言：近年来，纳米技术已成为皮肤生成领域的潜在技术路径，具备多项显著治疗优势，包括降低药物细胞毒性、增强皮肤渗透能力。三裂叶苎麻（Boehmeria tricuspis, BT）隶属于荨麻科，富含酚类与黄酮类化合物。本研究采用BT提取物生物合成金纳米颗粒（gold nanoparticles, BT-AuNPs），旨在探究其在角质形成细胞中的抗炎与皮肤保湿特性。
方法：本研究采用场发射透射电子显微镜、能量色散X射线能谱、动态光散射技术以及傅里叶变换红外光谱，对合成的BT-AuNPs进行表征分析。通过实时定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）、蛋白质印迹（western blot）与酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA），探究BT-AuNPs对HaCaT细胞抗炎及保湿活性的影响。
结果：当浓度低于200 μg/mL时，BT-AuNPs对角质形成细胞无细胞毒性作用。BT-AuNPs可显著抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α/干扰素-γ（T+I）刺激的角质形成细胞中炎症趋化因子与细胞因子的表达与分泌，涉及白细胞介素6（IL-6）、白细胞介素8（IL-8）、胸腺活化调节趋化因子（TARC）、皮肤T细胞趋化因子（CTACK）以及调节活化正常T细胞表达和分泌的趋化因子（RANTES）。BT-AuNPs的抗炎活性通过抑制核因子κB（NF-κB）与丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPKs）信号通路实现调控。此外，BT-AuNPs可通过上调透明质酸合酶基因（HAS1、HAS2及HAS3）的表达、下调透明质酸酶基因（HYAL1与HYAL2）的表达，显著促进HaCaT细胞中透明质酸（hyaluronic acid, HA）的生成。
讨论：上述研究结果表明，BT-AuNPs可作为治疗皮肤炎症的极具潜力的替代疗法。本研究成果为BT-AuNPs作为炎症性皮肤病治疗候选制剂与皮肤健康促进剂提供了潜在的研发平台。