Data from: Conserving evolutionary history does not result in greater diversity over geological timescales

AbstractAlternative prioritization strategies have been proposed to safeguard biodiversity over macro-evolutionary timescales. The first prioritizes the most distantly related species (maximizing phylogenetic diversity) in the hopes of capturing at least some lineages that will successfully diversify into the future. The second prioritizes lineages that are currently speciating, in the hopes that successful lineages will continue to generate species into the future. These contrasting schemes also map onto contrasting predictions about the role of slow diversifiers in the production of biodiversity over paleontological time scales. We consider the performance of the two schemes across ten dated species-level paleo-phylogenetic trees ranging from foraminifera to dinosaurs. We find that prioritizing phylogenetic diversity for conservation generally led to fewer subsequent lineages, while prioritizing diversifiers led to modestly more subsequent diversity, compared to random sets of lineages. Importantly for conservation, the tree shape when decisions are made cannot predict which scheme will be most successful. These patterns are inconsistent with the notion that long-lived lineages are the source of new species. While there may be sound reasons for prioritizing phylogenetic diversity for conservation, long-term species production might not be one of them., Usage notesDatasets S1 to S10. Phylogenetic datasetsPhylogenetic datasets used in our analyses. Each dataset is a nexus file including a tree distribution with 100 trees (except for planktonic foraminifera).Phylogenetic Datasets S1-S10.zip

摘要
为保障宏进化时间尺度下的生物多样性，学界已提出两类备选优先级划分策略。第一种策略以亲缘关系最远的物种为优先保护对象，最大化系统发育多样性（phylogenetic diversity），以期至少保留部分有望在未来成功实现物种分化的演化支系。第二种策略则优先选择当前正在经历物种形成的演化支系，以期成功存续的支系能够持续产生新物种。这两种截然不同的策略，对应着关于慢速分化类群在古生物时间尺度下生物多样性形成中所扮演角色的迥异预测。
本研究基于10组带时间校准的物种水平古系统发育树（涵盖有孔虫至恐龙类群），评估了这两种策略的表现。结果显示，相较于随机选取的支系集，以系统发育多样性为优先级的保护策略通常会产生更少的后续支系；而优先选择分化类群的策略则能带来略多的后续生物多样性。对保护实践而言尤为关键的是，制定保护决策时所依据的树结构，无法预测哪种策略会取得最优效果。上述结果与“长存续期演化支系是新物种来源”的观点相悖。尽管以系统发育多样性为优先级开展保护工作或许存在其他合理依据，但长期物种生成并非其中之一。

使用说明
数据集S1至S10
系统发育数据集
本研究分析所用的系统发育数据集。各数据集均为NEXUS格式文件，包含由100棵树组成的树分布集合（浮游有孔虫数据集除外）。
系统发育数据集S1-S10.zip