THE ROLE OF NEUROPLASTICITY IN PEDIATRIC REHABILITATION AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children represents a major cause of long-term neurological disability, affecting cognitive, motor, and behavioral functions. Neuroplasticity, defined as the brain’s ability to reorganize structural and functional networks in response to injury and experience, plays a central role in recovery after pediatric TBI. This article analyzes the mechanisms of neuroplasticity and its significance in pediatric neurorehabilitation following traumatic brain injury. Particular attention is given to age-dependent plastic responses, synaptic reorganization, cortical remapping, and the influence of rehabilitation interventions such as physical therapy, cognitive training, and neuromodulation techniques. The findings indicate that targeted rehabilitation strategies can enhance adaptive neuroplastic changes, improve functional outcomes, and reduce long-term disability. Understanding neuroplastic mechanisms is essential for optimizing rehabilitation programs and improving quality of life in children after traumatic brain injury.儿童创伤性脑损伤（Traumatic Brain Injury, TBI）是导致长期神经功能残疾的主要原因之一，可累及认知、运动与行为功能。神经可塑性（Neuroplasticity）被定义为大脑在应对损伤与外界经历时，重构结构与功能网络的能力，在儿童创伤性脑损伤后的康复过程中发挥核心作用。本文剖析了神经可塑性的作用机制，及其在儿童创伤性脑损伤后神经康复中的重要意义。研究重点关注年龄依赖性可塑性反应、突触重构（synaptic reorganization）、皮层重塑（cortical remapping），以及物理治疗、认知训练与神经调控技术等康复干预手段的影响。研究结果表明，针对性康复策略可增强适应性神经可塑性变化，改善功能预后，并降低长期残疾风险。深入理解神经可塑性机制，对于优化创伤性脑损伤患儿的康复方案、提升其生活质量至关重要。