The current situation and countermeasures for conservation of ancient and famous trees in Laoshan, Qingdao, China

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to examined the characteristics of ancient and famous trees in Laoshan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China, including species composition, number of individuals, origin, distribution, and age structure, to highlight the values of inheriting history and culture, improving urban environment, protecting regional biodiversity, promoting tourism economy and so on. The analyses was made through field surveys and quantitative analyses of statistical data and relevant literature, The main issues in their conservation are investigated and priority conservation measures are proposed. Results showed that there are 290 ancient and famous trees, comprising 42 species, 34 genera, and 26 families. These included four types of ancient and famous trees with different origins, namely religious trees planted by Buddhists, naturally preserved wild trees, trees with agricultural backgrounds for providing food or used as offerings, and exotic trees introduced from other places. There are relatively more local species and comparatively more elder trees. Ancient and famous trees are distributed in large numbers in Mountain Lao Scenic Area and many of them fall into temperate genera. Currently, ancient and famous tree conservation in Laoshan District is challenging because of issues such as habitat deterioration, severe effects of natural hazards, pests and diseases, weakening physiological function, and inadequate management. Based on all these analyses, countermeasures are proposed, which include regularly inspecting ancient and famous trees, restoring their habitats, reinforcing pest and disease controls, promoting studies on conservation technologies, improving management practices, increasing grants, and reforming the ownership system of ancient and famous trees.

摘要：本研究旨在调研中国山东省青岛市崂山区的古树名木特征，涵盖物种组成、个体数量、起源类型、分布格局与年龄结构，以期彰显其在传承历史文脉、优化城市生态环境、保护区域生物多样性、带动旅游经济发展等方面的多重价值。本研究通过实地踏勘、统计数据定量分析及相关文献梳理开展相关研究，探讨了该区古树名木保护工作中存在的主要问题，并提出了优先保护措施。
结果显示，崂山区现有古树名木共计290株，隶属于26科、34属、42种。其起源类型涵盖四类：佛教信众栽植的宗教用树、自然留存的原生野生树木、兼具农耕背景（用于提供食材或作为祭祀供品）的树木，以及外来引种树木。本地乡土物种占比相对偏高，老龄个体数量较多。古树名木大量分布于崂山风景名胜区，且多数隶属于温带属。
当前崂山区古树名木保护工作面临诸多挑战，诸如生境退化、自然灾害侵扰严重、病虫害频发、树木生理机能衰退以及管理保障不足等。基于上述分析，本研究提出系列保护对策：定期开展古树名木巡查监测、修复其原生生境、强化病虫害防控工作、推进古树名木保护技术研究、优化日常管理规范、加大专项经费投入以及改革古树名木权属制度。