Yeasts in native fruits from Brazilian neotropical savannah: occurrence, diversity and enzymatic potential

Abstract: Cerrado is the second largest phytogeographic domain in Brazil, with a huge ethnobotany variety, including fruit species that stand out for their economic, industrial, biotechnological and medicinal potential. The objective of this study was to characterize the diversity of culturable yeasts and their potential for the production of hydrolytic enzymes in fruits of 13 species of native plants of the Cerrado in Brazil. Sequencing the 26S rRNA gene identified the isolates. The enzymatic potential was evaluated using specific substrates for the enzymes amylases, cellulases, proteases, and pectinases. Nine of the 13 fruit species analyzed showed yeast growth, totaling 82 isolates, identified in 26 species. The phylum Ascomycota predominated over Basidiomycota. The fruits of Butia capitata presented the highest species richness. Candida and Meyerozyma were the most frequent genera. About 57% of the isolates were able to produce at least one of the enzymes analyzed. The species Papiliotrema flavescens, Hanseniaspora meyeri, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa produced all the enzymes tested. The results were found to expand the knowledge about the yeast communities present in fruits of the Cerrado native plants, evidencing the presence of species shared among the plants, and their potential for biotechnological use in the future.

摘要：塞拉多（Cerrado）是巴西第二大植物地理域，拥有极为丰富的民族植物学多样性，涵盖诸多凭借经济、工业、生物技术与药用潜力脱颖而出的果树物种。本研究旨在对巴西塞拉多13种本土植物果实中的可培养酵母菌多样性及其水解酶产生潜力进行表征。通过对26S核糖体RNA（26S rRNA）基因进行测序完成菌株鉴定。采用针对淀粉酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶及果胶酶的特异性底物评估其酶学潜力。在所分析的13种供试果树中，有9种可检测到酵母菌生长，共计获得82株分离菌株，隶属于26个物种。子囊菌门（Ascomycota）的相对丰度高于担子菌门（Basidiomycota）。布蒂亚椰（Butia capitata）的果实中酵母菌物种丰富度最高。假丝酵母属（Candida）与梅氏酵母属（Meyerozyma）为最常见的菌属。约57%的分离菌株可产生至少一种受试酶类。浅黄假丝酵母（Papiliotrema flavescens）、迈氏汉逊酵母（Hanseniaspora meyeri）、吉氏梅氏酵母（Meyerozyma guilliermondii）和粘红酵母（Rhodotorula mucilaginosa）可产生全部四种受试酶。本研究结果拓展了学界对巴西塞拉多本土植物果实相关酵母菌群落的认知，证实了不同宿主植物间存在共享酵母菌物种的现象，并展现了此类菌株未来在生物技术领域的应用潜力。