ESS RI Raw Data Dickson Jun-16.xlsx

OBJECTIVES: To establish transthoracic echocardiographic reference intervals in adult English springer spaniel dogs. METHODS: Forty-two healthy adult English springer spaniels were prospectively recruited from a general practice population in the UK. Animals were examined twice, at least 12 months apart, to exclude dogs with progressive cardiac disease. Reference intervals were calculated using Box-Cox transformations and specific variables were depicted within an expert consensus range. Relationships of body mass, age and heart rate with cardiac structure and function were examined and functional assessments were compared with previous reports. Reference intervals were compared against published ratiometric indices and allometric scaling models. RESULTS: Thirty-nine dogs contributed to create the reference intervals. Significant relationships with body weight, age and heart rate were detected, although low coefficients of determination were found. Fractional shortening values were lower than has been reported in many breeds but Simpson-derived ejection fractions were similar to previously published breed-specific values. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Breed-specific reference intervals are reported allowing for more appropriate interpretation of echocardiographic assessments in the English springer spaniel.

研究目的：建立成年英国史宾格犬（English springer spaniel）的经胸超声心动图（transthoracic echocardiographic）参考区间。
研究方法：从英国全科兽医诊疗群体中前瞻性招募42只健康成年英国史宾格犬。对受试犬进行两次检查，两次检查间隔至少12个月，以排除患有进展性心脏病的个体。采用Box-Cox变换计算参考区间，并将特定变量的参考值划定于专家共识范围之内。分析体质量、年龄与心率与心脏结构及功能之间的相关性，并将心脏功能评估结果与既往研究报道进行对比。将本次建立的参考区间与已发表的比率指数及异速缩放模型进行比对。
研究结果：最终有39只犬的数据用于构建参考区间。尽管决定系数较低，但仍检测到体质量、年龄与心率与心脏结构及功能之间存在显著相关性。缩短分数（fractional shortening）的数值低于多数犬品种的已有报道结果，但基于Simpson法的射血分数（ejection fraction）与既往发表的品种特异性数值相近。
临床意义：本研究报道了品种特异性参考区间，可为英国史宾格犬的超声心动图评估提供更合理的解读依据。