REPRESENTATIONS OF BRAZIL’S STUDENT MOVEMENTS IN THE DAILY PRESS IN 1968. FROM CALABOUÇO TO THE SEVENTH DAY MASS

Abstract The global phenomenon of the student movements carried out during the long year of ’68 had very particular characteristics in Brazil. Amongst other things, this sector of the university population - which had been embroiled in an intensifying process of politicization since the beginning of the decade, especially since the beginning of the military dictatorship (1964) - emerged as a social, cultural and political group at the very forefront of the resistance to the dictatorship, capable of ample mobilization, and of influencing the country’s general policies. This article investigates the social ideologies and the imagined communities painted by the daily press in Brazil about the student mobilizations carried out during the first trimester of 1968, focusing on the events in the Calabouço restaurant, the shockwave caused by them and the Seventh Day Mass. The objective is to analyze the discourse produced about these events in the public sphere, the students’ motivations and demands, the spaces, times and intensities of their actions, and the streams of public opinion generated by the press’s publication choices.

摘要 1968年这一漫长年份中席卷全球的学生运动现象，在巴西呈现出极为独特的特质。除此之外，这支自20世纪60年代初起、尤其是1964年军事独裁政权建立以来便持续卷入不断升级的政治化进程的高校学生群体，最终作为一支社会、文化与政治力量跻身反抗独裁统治的最前沿，具备开展大规模动员的能力，并可对国家整体政策施加影响。
本文聚焦1968年第一季度巴西学生动员运动，以卡拉布苏（Calabouço）餐厅事件、该事件引发的震荡效应以及七日大屠杀（Seventh Day Mass）为核心研究对象，探讨当时巴西日报媒体所塑造的学生运动社会意识形态与想象的共同体（imagined communities）。本文旨在分析公共领域内围绕此类事件生成的话语、学生群体的行动动机与诉求、其行动的时空维度与激烈程度，以及媒体报道选择所催生的公众舆论流向。