Table 1_Population-level evidence on lifestyle-related education and preventive services in primary care in Poland—a 2025 cross-sectional survey.docx

IntroductionPrimary health care serves as the patient’s first point of contact with the healthcare system and plays an important role in prevention and health education. This study aimed to assess public perceptions of lifestyle-related education and preventive services provided by primary health care in Poland, as well as identify factors associated with willingness to use educational and preventive services offered in primary care.
MethodsThis cross-sectional survey was carried out in October 2025 in a nationwide sample of 1,090 adults in Poland. Quota sampling was used. Data were collected through computer-assisted web interviews (CAWI).
ResultsAmong the respondents, 67.3% (n = 734) had visited a primary care physician due to their own health status at least once in the last 12 months. Of those, 53% declared having received at least one healthy lifestyle-related advice from the primary care staff. Preventive tests appropriate for the patient’s age (33.2%) were the most common, followed by principles of healthy eating (19.8%) and physical activity (17.4%). In the multivariable logistic regression model, female gender (aOR: 1.72 [1.28–2.32], p < 0.001) and higher education (aOR: 1.38 [1.03–1.86]; p < 0.03) were significantly associated with lower odds of receiving lifestyle-related advice. Among all respondents, 67.8% declared a willingness to receive an annual individualized prevention plan from their primary care physician. Being married (aOR: 1.46 [1.07–1.98]; p = 0.02), and visiting a primary care physician (at least once) in the last 12 months (aOR: 2.66 [2.03–3.49]; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with willingness to receive an annual individualized prevention plan.
ConclusionThis study showed a low level of implementation of lifestyle-related education and preventive services in primary care in Poland. There is a public expectation towards the implementation of new preventive services in primary care, like an annual individualized prevention plan.

引言
初级卫生保健是患者接触医疗体系的首个触点，在疾病预防与健康教育领域发挥着重要作用。本研究旨在评估波兰公众对初级卫生保健机构提供的生活方式相关教育与预防服务的认知，并明确与使用初级卫生保健机构提供的教育及预防服务意愿相关的影响因素。

方法
本横断面研究于2025年10月开展，在波兰全国范围内招募了1090名成年人作为研究样本，采用配额抽样法，通过计算机辅助网络访谈（computer-assisted web interviews, CAWI）收集数据。

结果
在所有受访者中，67.3%（n=734）在过去12个月内因自身健康状况至少就诊过1次初级保健医师。其中53%的受访者表示曾从初级卫生保健人员处获得至少1项健康生活方式相关建议。最常见的服务为适配患者年龄的预防性检查（33.2%），其次为健康饮食原则指导（19.8%）与体力活动指导（17.4%）。多变量logistic回归分析显示，女性（调整优势比aOR: 1.72 [1.28–2.32], p < 0.001）与高等教育背景（aOR: 1.38 [1.03–1.86]; p < 0.03）与获得生活方式相关建议的更低概率显著相关。在全部受访者中，67.8%表示愿意从初级保健医师处获取年度个体化预防计划。已婚状态（aOR: 1.46 [1.07–1.98]; p = 0.02）以及过去12个月内至少就诊过1次初级保健医师（aOR: 2.66 [2.03–3.49]; p < 0.001）与获取年度个体化预防计划的意愿显著相关。

结论
本研究显示，波兰初级卫生保健机构的生活方式相关教育与预防服务落实水平较低。公众对初级卫生保健机构新增预防服务（如年度个体化预防计划）存在期待。