An overview of Favolus from the Neotropics, including four new species

Favolus is a monophyletic genus of polypores that causes white rot of various woody plants. The genus has a worldwide distribution and is ecologically and economically important. Several taxa have been described or reported from the Neotropics, and F. brasiliensis, described originally from Brazil, is the type species for the genus. Based on molecular investigations, F. brasiliensis is now known to represent a species complex. The species is morphologically and phylogenetically circumscribed and epitypified here, and F. rugulosus is proposed as a new related species. Favolus grammocephalus and Polyporus philippinensis, initially described from Asia, have also recently been recorded from the Neotropics, so these taxa were included in this investigation employing morphological and multigene (mitochondrial, ribosomal, and protein-coding regions) phylogenetic analyses. These latter two species do not occur in the Neotropics, but the misapplied names actually represent three new species: F. pseudogrammocephalus, F. radiatifibrillosus, and F. yanomami. Nine species of Favolus are documented now for the Neotropics. Detailed descriptions of F. brasiliensis and all new taxa are provided, along with comments, illustrations, a map of potential distribution, and a key for neotropical species of Favolus.

褶孔菌属（Favolus）是一类单系（monophyletic）多孔菌（polypores），可引发多种木本植物的白腐病。该属呈世界广布分布，在生态与经济领域均具有重要价值。新热带区（Neotropics）已有多个类群被发表或报道，最初于巴西定名的巴西褶孔菌（Favolus brasiliensis）为本属的模式种（type species）。经分子研究证实，巴西褶孔菌实则为一个物种复合群（species complex）。本文通过形态学与系统发育学方法对该类群进行界定，并指定了新模式标本，同时提出一个新的近缘物种——皱褶孔菌（Favolus rugulosus）。最初于亚洲发表的纹盖褶孔菌（Favolus grammocephalus）与菲律宾多孔菌（Polyporus philippinensis），近期也有在新热带区被记录的报道，因此本研究纳入这两个类群，采用形态学及包含线粒体、核糖体与蛋白编码区域的多基因系统发育分析开展研究。但实际上这两个物种并未分布于新热带区，此前被误用的这两个名称实则对应三个新物种：假纹盖褶孔菌（Favolus pseudogrammocephalus）、辐射纤丝褶孔菌（Favolus radiatifibrillosus）以及亚诺马米褶孔菌（Favolus yanomami）。目前新热带区已记录有9种褶孔菌属物种。本文对巴西褶孔菌及所有新分类群进行了详细描述，同时附上相关评述、形态插图、潜在分布区地图以及新热带区褶孔菌属物种的检索表。