Table_1_Associations between serum copper, zinc, selenium level and sex hormones among 6–19 years old children and adolescents in NHANES 2013–2016.docx

Copper, zinc, and selenium are essential trace elements for human and have important effects on sex hormones. There are few studies on the relationships between the three trace elements and sex hormones. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the relationships between serum copper, zinc, selenium and testosterone, estradiol, SHBG using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2016 in participants 6-19 years. 1097 participants were enrolled and stratified into male/female children and adolescents. Weighted linear regression models combined regression diagnosis were used to estimate the relationships between trace elements and sex hormones according to the different stratifications. Our results showed that copper was inversely associated with testosterone and estradiol but positively correlated with SHBG. Zinc had positive relationships with testosterone in male adolescents and female children but an inverse relationship with testosterone in female adolescents. Furthermore, a negative association was observed between zinc and SHBG. With the rise of selenium level, testosterone and estradiol were increased but SHBG was decreased. In general, this study used more standardized statistical methods to investigate the relationships between copper, zinc, selenium and testosterone, estradiol, SHBG. Further study should pay attention to some details in statistical methods.

铜、锌与硒均为人体必需的微量元素，对性激素具有重要调控作用。目前针对这三种微量元素与性激素之间关联的研究尚不多见。为此，本研究利用2013-2016年美国国家健康与营养调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES）的数据，针对6~19岁人群，探究血清铜、锌、硒与睾酮（testosterone）、雌二醇（estradiol）及性激素结合球蛋白（SHBG）之间的关联。本研究共纳入1097名参与者，并分层划分为男性儿童、女性儿童及青少年亚组。采用加权线性回归模型结合回归诊断方法，针对不同亚组分析微量元素与性激素的关联。研究结果显示，铜水平与睾酮、雌二醇呈负相关，而与性激素结合球蛋白呈正相关。锌水平在男性青少年与女性儿童群体中与睾酮呈正相关，但在女性青少年群体中与睾酮呈负相关；此外，锌水平与性激素结合球蛋白呈负相关。随着硒水平升高，睾酮与雌二醇水平显著上升，而性激素结合球蛋白水平则出现下降。总体而言，本研究采用更为规范的统计学方法，探究了铜、锌、硒与睾酮、雌二醇及性激素结合球蛋白之间的关联。后续研究可关注统计学方法应用中的细节优化。