Una visión argentina sobre la situación competitiva de la industria brasileña

ABSTRACT The work looks at the current situation of the Brazilian industrial sector as well as the strategies carried out to increase external competition. It also analyzes two specific industrial sectors: food and petrochemicals, and their position regarding the process of integration with Argentina. The large increase in the Brazilian external trade balance during the 1980s was the result of some factors which seem difficult to sustain in the long run. On the other hand, the implementation of the industrial policy established from 1990 has been very slow. However, there is a clear disposition both in the private and public sector to carry out a process to improve competitiveness and to allow the survival of an industrial sector whose level of production is still higher than the Asian tigers all together. But the success of an industrial strategy will depend on the resolution of the current political and macroeconomic problems.

摘要 本研究聚焦巴西工业部门的当前发展态势，以及为提升外部市场竞争力所推行的各类战略。同时还针对食品与石化两个特定工业细分领域，分析其在与阿根廷的一体化进程中所处的地位。20世纪80年代，巴西对外贸易差额的大幅增长源于若干难以长期维系的因素。另一方面，1990年起确立的产业政策，其推行进度极为缓慢。不过，无论是私营部门还是公共部门，均展现出明确意愿以推进竞争力提升进程，从而维系一个生产规模仍远超亚洲四小龙（Asian tigers）总和的工业部门的存续。但产业战略的成功与否，将取决于当前政治与宏观经济问题的解决情况。