PHENOLOGICAL, PLANT ARCHITECTURE, AND GRAIN YIELD TRAITS ON COMMON BEAN LINES SELECTION

ABSTRACT The development of common bean cultivars with early cycle, upright plant architecture, and high grain yield represents marketing advantages to bean farmers. This study aimed to evaluate whether common bean inbred lines differ for phenological, plant architecture, and grain yield traits; analyze the correlations between these traits; and select early and upright common bean lines with high grain yield. To this end, 14 common bean inbred lines were evaluated in two growing seasons in Santa Maria - RS, Brazil. Common bean inbred lines showed significant differences for all traits, except for insertion of the first pod and length of the fourth and fifth internodes. The four superior common bean lines selected by the multiplicative index were CNFP 10794, CNFC 10762, DF 06-09, and BRS Valente. CNFP 10794 presents earliness (flowering and cycle), upright plant architecture (lower values of general adaptation score, lodging, and stay-green phenotype) and high grain yield (higher values of number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, mass of 100 grains, and grain yield). Mass of 100 grains showed a positive correlation with grain yield (r= 0.68). The indirect selection using mass of 100 grains is of intermediate efficiency to increase grain yield in common bean. CNFP 10794 presents earliness, upright plant architecture, and high grain yield and will be selected for the breeding program.

摘要
培育具有早熟生育期、直立株型与高籽粒产量的普通菜豆（common bean）品种，可为菜豆种植者带来市场竞争优势。本研究旨在评估普通菜豆自交系在生育性状、株型性状与籽粒产量性状上的差异，分析这些性状间的相关性，并筛选出兼具早熟性与直立株型的高籽粒产量普通菜豆自交系。为此，本研究于巴西南里奥格兰德州圣玛丽亚市的两个生长季中，对14份普通菜豆自交系开展了性状评价。供试普通菜豆自交系在所有被测性状上均存在显著差异，仅第一荚着生高度、第四节间与第五节间长度这三个性状除外。通过乘性选择指数筛选出的4份优良普通菜豆自交系为CNFP 10794、CNFC 10762、DF 06-09与BRS Valente。CNFP 10794兼具早熟性（开花期与生育期较短）、直立株型（综合适应性评分、倒伏率与持绿性状评分更低）与高籽粒产量（单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重与籽粒产量均更高）。百粒重与籽粒产量呈显著正相关（r=0.68）。利用百粒重进行间接选择，在普通菜豆籽粒产量改良中具备中等选择效率。CNFP 10794兼具早熟性、直立株型与高籽粒产量，可作为优异材料纳入后续育种项目。