Nutritional diagnosis of people living with HIV/AIDS: a review of national and international protocols

Abstract HIV infection is a predictor of several metabolic and body composition alterations, in addition to malnutrition, anemia, and hypovitaminosis. There are thus specificities of diagnosis and treatment depending on the stage of the disease and the outpatient or hospital environment. The scope of this narrative review was to update the conceptual and theoretical framework regarding the nutritional diagnosis of people living with HIV/AIDS. Current national and international scientific evidence published in scientific articles, recent books, protocols, consensuses, and guidelines were analyzed. The nutritional diagnosis encompasses several clinical aspects and abilities and specific knowledge about HIV/AIDS, such as: clinical history and current clinical situation, food consumption, anthropometric data, body composition, and biochemistry, blood pressure and physical examination. The nutritional diagnosis process was demonstrated in order to provide subsidies for the health teams in the identification of parameters that make it possible to establish a plan for nutritional care to promote, prevent and recuperate the alterations detected in people living with HIV/AIDS.

摘要：人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV，Human Immunodeficiency Virus）感染除可诱发营养不良、贫血及维生素缺乏症外，还是多种代谢异常与体成分改变的预测因子。因此，其诊疗方案需根据疾病分期以及门诊或住院环境的不同而具备针对性。本叙述性综述旨在更新人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（HIV/AIDS，Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome）感染者营养诊断相关的概念与理论框架。研究分析了近期发表于学术期刊、最新专著、诊疗规范、专家共识及指南中的国内外科学证据。营养诊断涵盖多项临床维度、专业技能及HIV/AIDS相关专业知识，具体包括：临床病史与当前临床状况、膳食摄入情况、人体测量学数据（anthropometric data）、体成分指标、生物化学指标、血压检测结果及体格检查结果。本研究对营养诊断流程进行了系统阐释，旨在为医疗团队提供参考依据，协助其识别相关参数，进而制定营养照护方案，以改善、预防并逆转HIV/AIDS感染者所检出的各类异常状况。