Permanent preservation areas in Mantiqueira sierra: perspectives for regularization along watercourses

Abstract Brazilian Native Vegetation Protection Law (Law n. 12.651/2012) brought flexibility related to the sizing of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) along watercourses when there was anthropogenic occupation before July 22, 2008 (consolidated rural area), which may vary according to the size of the property. To better understand the effects of this law, we analyzed land use and land occupation in PPAs along watercourses in a portion of Grande River drainage basin. Scenarios were also developed to compare the effects of the reduction of PPA limits, allowing us to discuss measures to avoid water quality deterioration. We obtained the drainage network and individualized the study area through images available in Google Earth TM, and we extracted information about land use and land occupation from a vector provided by the Laboratory of Studies and Projects in Forest Management from Federal University of Lavras. Recovery scenarios were estimated according to Article n. 61-A from the Native Vegetation Protection Law. There was a significant reduction of environmental liability compared to previous legislation. In the more restrictive scenario, there may be a 31% deficit in recovery areas, where watersheds with a strong presence of small rural properties will be the most affected. Although the reduction of recovery areas is characterized as a retrogression in the protection of native vegetation, complementary strategies could be implemented, such as economic incentive mechanisms.

《巴西本土植被保护法》（第12.651/2012号法律）针对2008年7月22日前已存在人为占用（成熟农区）的河道沿岸永久保护区（Permanent Preservation Areas, PPAs）的划定尺度作出了灵活调整，调整幅度可随地块规模发生变化。为深入解析该法案的实施效应，本研究针对格兰德河流域部分区域内河道沿岸永久保护区的土地利用与占用情况展开分析。本研究同时构建多类情景，用于对比永久保护区尺度缩减所带来的影响，以此探讨避免水环境质量恶化的应对举措。研究借助谷歌地球（Google Earth TM）公开影像获取研究区域的河网数据并划定研究范围，同时从拉夫拉斯联邦大学森林管理研究与规划实验室提供的矢量数据中提取土地利用与占用相关信息。依据《本土植被保护法》第61-A条的规定，本研究估算了植被恢复情景的相关参数。研究发现，相较于此前的立法条款，本法案下的环境责任已大幅降低。在最严格的恢复情景中，恢复区域可能存在31%的缺口，其中以小型农村地块占比较高的流域受影响最为显著。尽管恢复区域的缩减被视作本土植被保护工作的倒退，但仍可通过配套策略加以弥补，例如推行经济激励机制。