Clinical efficacy and safety of interleukin-1 blockade in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

This study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockade for patients with COVID-19. The PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant articles from their inception to 25 September 2022. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of IL-1 blockade in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 were included. This meta-analysis included seven RCTs. No significant difference in the all-cause mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 was observed between the IL-1 blockade and control groups (7.7 vs. 10.5%, odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–1.22; <i>I</i>² = 18%). However, the study group was at significantly lower risk of requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) compared with the control group (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.32–0.86; <i>I</i>² = 24%). Finally, the risk of adverse events was similar between the two groups. IL-1 blockade does not provide increased survival benefits in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, but it may reduce the need for MV. Furthermore, it is a safe agent for use in the treatment of COVID-19.&gt; This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockade for patients with COVID-19.Based on the analysis of six RCTs, no significant difference in the all-cause mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 was observed between the IL-1 blockade and control groups.The study group using IL1 was associated with a significantly lower risk of requiring mechanical ventilation compared with the control group.The risk of adverse events was similar between the study and the control groups. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockade for patients with COVID-19. Based on the analysis of six RCTs, no significant difference in the all-cause mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 was observed between the IL-1 blockade and control groups. The study group using IL1 was associated with a significantly lower risk of requiring mechanical ventilation compared with the control group. The risk of adverse events was similar between the study and the control groups.

本研究评估了白细胞介素-1（interleukin-1, IL-1）阻断疗法用于新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）患者的临床疗效与安全性。研究检索了PubMed、Web of Science、Ovid Medline、Embase及Cochrane Library数据库自建库至2022年9月25日的相关文献。最终仅纳入评估IL-1阻断疗法治疗COVID-19患者临床疗效与安全性的随机对照试验（randomized clinical trials, RCTs）。本次荟萃分析共纳入7项RCTs。结果显示，IL-1阻断组与对照组的COVID-19患者全因死亡率无显著差异（7.7% vs. 10.5%，比值比[odds ratio, OR] = 0.83，95%置信区间[confidence interval, CI] 0.57–1.22；I² = 18%）。然而，试验组患者需接受机械通气（mechanical ventilation, MV）的风险显著低于对照组（OR = 0.53，95% CI 0.32–0.86；I² = 24%）。两组患者的不良事件发生风险无显著差异。IL-1阻断疗法并未为住院COVID-19患者带来额外的生存获益，但可降低其机械通气需求，且用于治疗COVID-19时安全性良好。本项针对随机对照试验的系统评价与荟萃分析，评估了IL-1阻断疗法用于COVID-19患者的临床疗效与安全性。基于对6项RCTs的分析结果显示，IL-1阻断组与对照组的COVID-19患者全因死亡率无显著差异。试验组患者需接受机械通气的风险显著低于对照组。两组患者的不良事件发生风险无显著差异。本项针对随机对照试验的系统评价与荟萃分析，评估了IL-1阻断疗法用于COVID-19患者的临床疗效与安全性。基于对6项RCTs的分析结果显示，IL-1阻断组与对照组的COVID-19患者全因死亡率无显著差异。试验组患者需接受机械通气的风险显著低于对照组。两组患者的不良事件发生风险无显著差异。