NCHS - Age-adjusted Death Rates for Selected Major Causes of Death

This dataset of U.S. mortality trends since 1900 highlights trends in age-adjusted death rates for five selected major causes of death. Age-adjusted death rates (deaths per 100,000) after 1998 are calculated based on the 2000 U.S. standard population. Populations used for computing death rates for 2011–2017 are postcensal estimates based on the 2010 census, estimated as of July 1, 2010. Rates for census years are based on populations enumerated in the corresponding censuses. Rates for noncensus years between 2000 and 2010 are revised using updated intercensal population estimates and may differ from rates previously published. Data on age-adjusted death rates prior to 1999 are taken from historical data (see References below). Revisions to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) over time may result in discontinuities in cause-of-death trends. SOURCES CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, historical data, 1900-1998 (see https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mortality_historical_data.htm); CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, mortality data (see http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/deaths.htm); and CDC WONDER (see http://wonder.cdc.gov). REFERENCES 1. National Center for Health Statistics, Data Warehouse. Comparability of cause-of-death between ICD revisions. 2008. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mortality/comparability_icd.htm. 2. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital statistics data available. Mortality multiple cause files. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/vitalstatsonline.htm. 3. Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Xu JQ, Arias E. Deaths: Final data for 2017. National Vital Statistics Reports; vol 68 no 9. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2019. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_09-508.pdf. 4. Arias E, Xu JQ. United States life tables, 2017. National Vital Statistics Reports; vol 68 no 7. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2019. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_07-508.pdf. 5. National Center for Health Statistics. Historical Data, 1900-1998. 2009. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mortality_historical_data.htm.

本数据集聚焦1900年以来的美国死亡率趋势，重点呈现5种选定主要死因的年龄调整死亡率（age-adjusted death rates）变化态势。1998年之后的年龄调整死亡率（单位：每10万人死亡数）是以2000年美国标准人口为基准计算的。2011-2017年死亡率计算所用的人口数据，为基于2010年人口普查的事后估计值，统计时点为2010年7月1日。普查年份的死亡率基于对应普查的枚举人口。2000至2010年间非普查年份的死亡率已通过更新的普查间人口估计值进行修订，可能与此前发布的死亡率数据存在差异。1999年之前的年龄调整死亡率数据取自历史资料（详见下文参考文献）。随着时间推移，《国际疾病分类》（International Classification of Diseases, ICD）的修订可能导致死因趋势数据出现不连续性。

**数据来源**
美国疾病控制与预防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC）国家健康统计中心（National Center for Health Statistics, NCHS）：1900-1998年历史死亡率数据，国家生命统计系统（详见https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mortality_historical_data.htm）；国家生命统计系统死亡率数据（详见http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/deaths.htm）；以及CDC WONDER数据库（详见http://wonder.cdc.gov）。

**参考文献**
1. 美国国家健康统计中心：数据仓库。不同《国际疾病分类》修订版间死因数据的可比性。2008年。可获取于：http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mortality/comparability_icd.htm。
2. 美国国家健康统计中心。可获取的生命统计数据：死亡率多原因文件。马里兰州海茨维尔：美国国家健康统计中心。可获取于：https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/vitalstatsonline.htm。
3. Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Xu JQ, Arias E. 死亡情况：2017年最终数据。《国家生命统计报告》；第68卷第9期。马里兰州海茨维尔：美国国家健康统计中心。2019年。可获取于：https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_09-508.pdf。
4. Arias E, Xu JQ. 2017年美国生命表。《国家生命统计报告》；第68卷第7期。马里兰州海茨维尔：美国国家健康统计中心。2019年。可获取于：https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_07-508.pdf。
5. 美国国家健康统计中心。1900-1998年历史数据。2009年。可获取于：https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mortality_historical_data.htm。