Species name match list.

Climate change will continue to alter key physical and biological oceanographic processes throughout the global ocean, modifying environmental conditions for U.S. highly migratory fish species found in the Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Climate Vulnerability Assessment evaluated the vulnerability of 58 species and stocks to projected ocean conditions, using a combined qualitative and quantitative analysis of species sensitivity (physiological, ecological, and behavioral attributes) and estimated exposure to possible future ocean stressors. Key modeled environmental variables included bottom and sea surface temperature, sea surface oxygen, and ocean acidification (pH), whereas the most influential biological attributes considered were population growth rate, stock size, and stock status. We produced vulnerability rankings (i.e., low, moderate, high, and very high) based on biological attribute sensitivity and exposure to the environmental variables, and separate analyses including estimated ability of distributional shifts, predicted directional effects of climate change, certainty, and data quality scores for the species and stocks assessed, with exceptions for species with undetermined geographic distributions. Of the 58 species and stocks assessed, 4 had very high vulnerability to climate change, 14 had high vulnerability, 22 had moderate vulnerability, 6 had low vulnerability, and 12 could not be assigned a rank. The majority (n = 45) of species and stocks had high ability for distributional shifts in response to projected changes in climate. Further, directional effect results suggest that climate change impacts on the majority of species and stocks will be neutral, implying that these species have life history or behavioral traits that impart some level of resilience and adaptability to the impacts of climate change. These results provide information for use in ecosystem-based fisheries management, particularly for prioritization of vulnerable species and stocks in conservation activities and research endeavors.

气候变化将持续改变全球海洋中的关键物理与生物海洋学过程，进而改变大西洋海域内美国高度洄游鱼类的生存环境条件。《大西洋高度洄游物种气候脆弱性评估》（Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Climate Vulnerability Assessment）采用定性与定量结合的分析方法，对58个物种及渔业种群的气候脆弱性展开评估，分析维度涵盖物种敏感性（生理、生态及行为特征）以及对未来潜在海洋胁迫因子的预估暴露程度。本次评估所建模的关键环境变量包括底层海水温度、海表温度、海表溶解氧浓度以及海洋酸化（ocean acidification，pH）水平；而被纳入考量的最具影响力的生物学特征则为种群增长率、种群规模及种群现状。研究基于生物学特征敏感性与环境变量暴露程度，生成了低、中、高、极高四级脆弱性等级划分；同时针对所评估的物种及渔业种群开展多项独立分析，包括分布范围迁移预估能力、气候变化的预估方向性影响、确定性水平以及数据质量评分，但地理分布未明确的物种除外。在本次评估的58个物种及渔业种群中，4个的气候脆弱性等级为极高，14个为高，22个为中，6个为低，另有12个无法被赋予等级。绝大多数（n=45）物种及渔业种群具备较强的分布范围迁移能力，可应对预估的气候变化。此外，方向性影响分析结果显示，气候变化对绝大多数物种及渔业种群的影响将呈中性，这意味着这些物种具备相应的生活史或行为特征，使其能够在一定程度上抵御并适应气候变化带来的影响。本研究结果可为基于生态系统的渔业管理（ecosystem-based fisheries management）提供决策参考，尤其可为保护活动与研究工作中优先关注脆弱物种及渔业种群提供科学依据。