Quality of life in patients with multiple myeloma treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty

OBJECTIVE: To determine the quality of life in patients with multiple myeloma treated with vertebroplasty. Multiple myeloma has a prevalence of 1% in all neoplastic diseases and 10% of hematological malignancies. Bone pain is the initial symptom in most cases. METHODS: A series of cases study was conducted. Patients were assessed by the Karnofsky scale to measure its functionality, the WHO analgesic scale to assess the type of analgesic and visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oswestry questionnaire for pain. RESULTS: Of 24 patients, 10 were cases (vertebroplasty) (41.7%) and 14 were controls (conservative) (58.3%), 13 (54.2%) were female and 11 (45.8%) male, with an average age of 60 years (SD = 12) and 63 kg of average weight (SD = 12), mean height of 1.59 cm (SD = 9) and mean body mass index of 24.8 (SD = 3.7). Survival was obtained from the time of diagnosis to death, and 2 (8.3%) patients died within the first 2 years and 1 (4.2%) after 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with MM who have vertebral fractures are excellent candidates to undergo vertebroplasty, because this represents a greater benefit in their quality of life, which has a direct impact on their level of functionality, giving them greater self-sufficiency and reducing their pain because of the benefits of the thermogenic effect of vertebroplasty.

研究目的：明确接受椎体成形术（vertebroplasty）治疗的多发性骨髓瘤（multiple myeloma, MM）患者的生活质量。多发性骨髓瘤在所有肿瘤疾病中患病率为1%，占血液系统恶性肿瘤的10%，骨痛为多数患者的首发症状。
研究方法：本研究采用病例系列研究设计。采用卡诺夫斯基量表（Karnofsky scale）评估患者功能状况，使用世界卫生组织镇痛量表（WHO analgesic scale）评估镇痛药物类型，采用视觉模拟评分法（Visual Analog Scale, VAS）与Oswestry问卷（Oswestry questionnaire）评估疼痛情况。
研究结果：本研究共纳入24例患者，其中10例（41.7%）为椎体成形术组（病例组），14例（58.3%）为保守治疗对照组；患者中女性13例（54.2%）、男性11例（45.8%），平均年龄60岁（标准差SD=12），平均体重63kg（SD=12），平均身高1.59厘米（SD=9），平均体重指数24.8（SD=3.7）。生存期以确诊至死亡的时间计算，2例（8.3%）患者在确诊后2年内死亡，1例（4.2%）在确诊3年后死亡。
研究结论：合并椎体骨折的多发性骨髓瘤患者是接受椎体成形术的优质候选人群。该术式可显著改善患者的生活质量，而生活质量的提升可直接改善患者的功能状态，增强其自理能力；同时，椎体成形术的热效应可有效减轻患者疼痛，为患者带来多重临床获益。