Data from: Distinguishing causes of virulence evolution: reply to Alizon & Michalakis

In a recent study of the symbiosis between bacteria and plasmids, the
available evidence suggests that experimental evolution of plasmid
virulence was primarily driven by within-host competition caused by
superinfection. The data do not exclude the possibility, however, that a
trade-off between virulence and infectious transmission to uninfected
bacteria also played a minor role.

在一项针对细菌与质粒（plasmids）共生关系的最新研究中，现有证据表明，质粒毒力的实验进化主要由超感染（superinfection）引发的宿主内竞争所驱动。不过，该研究数据并未排除另一种可能性：即毒力与向未感染细菌进行感染性传播之间的权衡（trade-off），同样起到了次要作用。