Cattle Tendon Fibers on 14th to 17th C. Wooden Artefacts: Review and Peptide Mass Fingerprint Analysis

Title: Cattle Tendon Fibers on 14th to 17th C. Wooden Artefacts: Review and Peptide Mass Fingerprint Analysis Authors: Beate Fuecker, Daniel P. Kirby Abstract: Various medieval crafts employed animal tendon fibers – a material forgotten over the centuries but well known in the workshops of the late Middle Ages and in use until the 19th century. In recent years, the Germanisches Nationalmuseum (GNM) in Nuremberg, Germany identified animal tendon fibers on a wide range of objects dating from the 14th to 17th centuries. The study provides an overview of fiber preparation and application methods (mainly in paintings and sculpture) and a survey of primary sources documenting the historic use of the material. To identify the animal source of raw tendon material, peptide mass fingerprinting, together with markers proposed as specific for tendon-derived collagen, was used to analyze fiber samples from weapons, armor, musical instruments, paintings, and sculpture – including works by Lucas Cranach and Tilman Riemenschneider. Despite the object context, cattle were found to be the predominant source of tendon fibers.标题：14至17世纪木质文物上的牛肌腱纤维：综述与肽质量指纹图谱分析 作者：贝阿特·菲克（Beate Fuecker）、丹尼尔·P·柯比（Daniel P. Kirby） 摘要：诸多中世纪工艺曾使用动物肌腱纤维——这种材料虽在数百年间被世人遗忘，但在中世纪晚期的工坊中广为人知，并一直沿用到19世纪。近年来，德国纽伦堡的日耳曼国家博物馆（Germanisches Nationalmuseum, GNM）在一批年代介于14至17世纪的各类文物上，均发现了动物肌腱纤维的痕迹。本研究综述了肌腱纤维的制备与应用方法（主要应用于绘画与雕塑领域），并梳理了记录该材料历史使用情况的一手文献。为确定原始肌腱材料的动物来源，本研究采用肽质量指纹图谱（peptide mass fingerprinting）结合针对肌腱源性胶原的特异性标记物，对来自武器、盔甲、乐器、绘画及雕塑（包括卢卡斯·克拉纳赫与蒂尔曼·里门施奈德的作品）的纤维样本开展分析。尽管文物的应用场景各异，但研究发现牛是肌腱纤维的主要来源动物。