Data from: Convergent morphology in Alpinieae (Zingiberaceae): recircumscribing Amomum as a monophyletic genus

The tropical ginger genus Amomum (Zingiberaceae) has always posed challenges for classification based on morphological characters. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies showed Amomum to be paraphyletic but limited sampling and absence of the data of the type Amomum subulatum made it impossible to resolve the paraphyly and make nomenclatural changes. Here, Amomum is further investigated in a multi-marker phylogenetic framework using matK and nrITS including multiple accessions of the type, the genus Elettaria and additional accessions of Amomum, Alpinia, Elettariopsis, Geocharis, Geostachys and Hornstedtia. Amomum is shown to consist of nine clades and Alpinia of six. The genera Elettaria, Elettariopsis, Plagiostachys, and species in Hornstedtia are nested within these clades. Morphological studies of species previously subsumed in Amomum support recognition of new genera that correspond to well-delimited clades in the phylogenetic framework presented here. Recircumscription of the paraphyletic genus Amomum facilitates identification and creates nomenclatural stability. Three genera, Conamomum, Meistera and Wurfbainia, are resurrected, and three new genera Epiamomum, Lanxangia and Sundamomum are described, together with a key to the genera and a nomenclatural synopsis placing 384 specific names (incl. all synonyms) into the new generic framework. Of these 129 represent new combinations and 3 are replacement names. Types of Geocharis and Geostachys are designated. Further studies and specific sampling will be needed to resolve other branches of Alpinioideae containing other polyphyletic genera.

热带姜科（Zingiberaceae）豆蔻属（Amomum）的分类一直以来都是基于形态性状开展系统划分的难题。此前的分子系统发育研究表明，豆蔻属为并系类群，但受限于采样范围有限，且缺乏模式种Amomum subulatum的相关数据，无法解决其并系问题，也无法开展命名学层面的修订。本研究基于matK基因与核糖体DNA内转录间隔区（nrITS）构建多分子标记系统发育框架，对豆蔻属展开深入研究，纳入了模式种的多份采样材料、白豆蔻属（Elettaria），以及豆蔻属、山姜属（Alpinia）、假白豆蔻属（Elettariopsis）、Geocharis、Geostachys和苞叶姜属（Hornstedtia）的额外采样材料。研究结果显示，豆蔻属可划分为9个演化支，山姜属则分为6个演化支。白豆蔻属（Elettaria）、假白豆蔻属（Elettariopsis）、斜穗姜属（Plagiostachys）以及苞叶姜属（Hornstedtia）的类群均嵌套于上述演化支中。对此前归属于豆蔻属的类群开展的形态学研究证实，本研究系统发育框架中界定清晰的演化支可作为新属级类群予以承认。对并系类群豆蔻属的重新界定，既有助于物种鉴定，也提升了命名学的稳定性。本研究恢复了Conamomum、Meistera和Wurfbainia三个属，同时建立了Epiamomum、Lanxangia和Sundamomum三个新属；并提供了各属的分类检索表，以及将384个物种学名（包含所有异名）归入新属级框架的命名学概要。其中129个为新组合学名，3个为替代学名。本研究指定了Geocharis和Geostachys的模式标本。未来仍需开展进一步研究并针对性采样，以解决山姜亚科（Alpinioideae）中其他包含并系类群的分支的分类问题。