Table_1_Skin Mycobiota of the Captive Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the Distribution of Opportunistic Dermatomycosis-Associated Fungi in Different Seasons.DOCX

Dermatomycosis is the second major cause of morbidity in giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), and seriously endangers its health. Previous observations indicated that the occurrence of dermatomycosis in the giant panda varies in different seasons. The skin microbiota is a complex ecosystem, but knowledge on the community structure and the pathogenic potentials of fungi on the skin of the giant panda remains limited. In this study, samples from the giant panda skin in different seasons were collected, and the mycobiota were profiled by 18S rRNA gene sequencing. In total, 375 genera in 38 phyla were detected, with Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Streptophyta, and Chlorophyta as the predominant phyla and Trichosporon, Guehomyces, Davidiella, Chlorella, Asterotremella, and Klebsormidium as the predominant genera. The skin mycobiota of the giant panda changed in the seasons, and the diversity and abundance of the skin fungi were significantly higher in spring, autumn, and summer than in the winter. Several dermatomycosis-associated fungi were detected as opportunists in the skin mycobiota of healthy giant pandas. Clinical dermatomycosis in the giant panda is observed more in summer and autumn. In this study, the results indicated that the high diversity and abundance of the skin fungi may have enhanced the occurrence of dermatomycosis in autumn and summer, and that dermatomycosis-associated fungi are the normal components of the skin mycobiota.

皮肤真菌病（Dermatomycosis）是大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）发病的第二大诱因，严重威胁其健康。既往观测结果显示，大熊猫皮肤真菌病的发生存在显著季节差异。皮肤微生物群是一类复杂的生态系统，但目前针对大熊猫皮肤真菌的群落结构及其致病潜力的认知仍较为匮乏。本研究采集了不同季节的大熊猫皮肤样本，通过18S核糖体RNA基因测序（18S rRNA gene sequencing）对皮肤真菌群落（mycobiota）进行了表征分析。本研究共检测到38个菌门下的375个真菌属，其中子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、链型植物门（Streptophyta）与绿藻门（Chlorophyta）为优势菌门，毛孢子菌属（Trichosporon）、吉氏酵母属（Guehomyces）、戴维氏菌属（Davidiella）、小球藻属（Chlorella）、星状担子菌属（Asterotremella）与克莱孢藻属（Klebsormidium）为优势菌属。大熊猫皮肤真菌群落呈现显著的季节动态变化特征，春季、秋季与夏季的皮肤真菌多样性及丰度均显著高于冬季。在健康大熊猫的皮肤真菌群落中，检测到多种与皮肤真菌病相关的机会性致病真菌。临床观测表明，大熊猫皮肤真菌病的高发时段为夏季与秋季。本研究结果显示，皮肤真菌的高多样性与高丰度可能促进了夏秋季节皮肤真菌病的发生，且与皮肤真菌病相关的真菌是皮肤真菌群落的正常组成部分。