Growing disparity in global conservation research capacity and its impact on biodiversity conservation

<strong>Growing disparity in global conservation research capacity and its impact on biodiversity conservation</strong> Lu Zhang1,2#, Li Yang1#, Colin A. Chapman3,4,5,6, Carlos A. Peres7,8, Tien Ming Lee1,2*, &amp; Peng-Fei Fan1* 1School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 2School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China 3Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars,1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington DC, USA 4Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada 5School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 6The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China 7School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK 8Instituto Juruá, Manaus, Brazil #These authors contributed equally to this work. *Correspondence: [e-mail]; [e-mail] <br> Abstract: To achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity, the Kunming Declaration (COP-15) commits to increasing biodiversity conservation capacity in developing countries. Yet, a global evaluation of conservation research capacity (CRC) and its impact on biodiversity conservation is still lacking. Here, by analyzing over 177,000 scientific papers from major conservation journals published after 2000, we derived six indicators of CRC and monitored their changes for the 193 United Nations member countries. We found that while CRC expectedly varied globally, the disparity in CRC between the top- and bottom echelons grew over time. While most CRC indicators improved biodiversity conservation status (i.e., the IUCN Red List Index) in high-CRC countries, only the number of collaborating countries had a positive impact for low-CRC countries. Therefore, building CRC must be a top conservation priority and high-CRC countries must lend greater support for low-CRC countries through meaningful collaborations, and funding truly collaborative research in low-CRC developing countries. <br> ########data info######### 1 readme.txt Detail info for Rdata, please read before you use our code 2 Rdata 3 code.zip Including three code files: 1) 0 calculate function exclude oversea.R basic infor for calculation 2) 1 extract data.R Fist step for data cleaning, more detail provided in the file 3) 2 extract research location.R Final step for data extraction. 4) Supplemental Tables Including 8 sheet in this table: Table S1. Correlation (Spearman rho) between indicators of conservation research capacity <br> Table S2. Detailed information of the indicators of conservation research capacity for all the 193 countries <br> Table S3. Contributing variables used to model RLI changes of sovereign countries <br> Table S4. A sensitivity analysis to evaluate the effect of publication cutoff (and hence CRC class division) on the RLI change regression analysis <br> Table S5. Language composition of publications obtained from the Scopus database, based on journals listed in the minor subject area of “Nature and Landscape Conservation” in Scopus (n=189), and a combined journal list includes those from Scopus and journals in the category of “Biodiversity Conservation” in the Web of Science Core Collection (n=229) <br> Table S6. A combined list of journals used to collect publications for further analyses <br> Table S7. Comparisons of contributing variables (Mean ± SD) between countries with high- and low conservation research capacity (CRC) <br> Table S8. Correlation (Spearman rho) between contributing variables used to predict Red List Index change for all sovereign countries (n =181)

《全球保护研究能力的日益失衡及其对生物多样性保护的影响》

作者：Lu Zhang1,2#, Li Yang1#, Colin A. Chapman3,4,5,6, Carlos A. Peres7,8, Tien Ming Lee1,2*, & Peng-Fei Fan1*

1 中山大学生命科学学院，中国广州
2 中山大学深圳校区生态学系，中国深圳
3 伍德罗·威尔逊国际学者中心，美国华盛顿哥伦比亚特区宾夕法尼亚大道西北1300号
4 温哥华岛大学生物学系，加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省纳奈莫市第五街900号
5 夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学生命科学学院，南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省
6 西北大学生命科学学院，中国西安
7 东英吉利大学环境科学学院，英国诺里奇
8 茹鲁阿研究所，巴西马瑙斯

# 本文作者贡献均等；* 通讯作者：[e-mail]；[e-mail]

摘要：为实现《2030年可持续发展议程》与《2050年生物多样性愿景》，《昆明宣言》（COP15）承诺加强发展中国家的生物多样性保护能力建设。然而，目前仍缺乏针对全球保护研究能力（conservation research capacity, CRC）及其对生物多样性保护影响的系统性评估。本研究通过分析2000年以来主流保护学期刊发表的逾17.7万篇学术论文，构建了6项保护研究能力指标，并对联合国193个会员国的该指标变化进行了追踪。研究发现，尽管全球保护研究能力本就存在区域差异，但顶尖梯队与垫底梯队间的能力差距随时间持续扩大。在高保护研究能力国家中，多数CRC指标均可改善其生物多样性保护现状（即IUCN红色名录指数（IUCN Red List Index））；而对于低保护研究能力国家，仅合作国家数量可产生积极影响。因此，加强保护研究能力应成为生物多样性保护的首要任务，高保护研究能力国家需通过实质性合作向低保护研究能力国家提供更多支持，并为低资源发展中国家的真正合作研究提供资助。

########数据信息#########
1 readme.txt：R格式数据集的详细说明，请在使用本团队代码前仔细阅读
2 Rdata：R格式数据集文件
3 code.zip：包含3个代码文件：
1) 0 calculate function exclude oversea.R：计算基础信息函数（排除境外数据）
2) 1 extract data.R：数据清洗第一步，详细说明见文件内部
3) 2 extract research location.R：数据提取最终步骤
4 补充表格：本表格共包含8个工作表：
表S1 保护研究能力各指标间的斯皮尔曼（Spearman）秩相关系数（ρ）
表S2 全球193个国家保护研究能力指标的详细信息
表S3 用于建模主权国家红色名录指数变化的贡献变量
表S4 敏感性分析：评估发表截断值（publication cutoff）及由此产生的CRC等级划分对红色名录指数变化回归分析的影响
表S5 基于Scopus数据库中“自然与景观保护”二级学科领域期刊（n=189），以及同时纳入Scopus与Web of Science核心合集“生物多样性保护”类期刊（总n=229）的出版物语言构成
表S6 用于后续分析的期刊合集列表
表S7 高、低保护研究能力国家的贡献变量对比（平均值±标准差）
表S8 用于预测所有主权国家（n=181）红色名录指数变化的贡献变量间的斯皮尔曼秩相关系数（ρ）