Effect of maternal exercises on biophysical fetal and maternal parameters: a transversal study

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the acute effects of maternal and fetal hemodynamic responses in pregnant women submitted to fetal Doppler and an aerobic physical exercise test according to the degree of effort during the activity and the impact on the well-being. Methods Transversal study with low risk pregnant women, obtained by convenience sample with gestational age between 26 to 34 weeks. The participants carry out a progressive exercise test. Results After the exercise session, reduced resistance (p=0.02) and pulsatility indices (p=0.01) were identified in the umbilical artery; however, other Doppler parameters analyzed, in addition to cardiotocography and fetal biophysical profile did not achieve significant change. Maternal parameters obtained linear growth with activity, but it was not possible to establish a standard with the Borg scale, and oxygen saturation remained stable. Conclusion A short submaximal exercise had little effect on placental blood flow after exercise in pregnancies without complications, corroborating that healthy fetus maintains homeostasis even in situations that alter maternal hemodynamics.

摘要
目的 评估接受胎儿多普勒（fetal Doppler）检查与有氧体能测试的妊娠妇女，其母体与胎儿血流动力学的急性反应，以及运动强度对母体及胎儿健康福祉的影响。
方法 本研究为横断面研究，纳入孕周介于26至34周的低危妊娠妇女，采用便利抽样法招募受试者，所有参与者完成渐进式运动负荷试验。
结果 运动结束后，脐动脉阻力指数（p=0.02）与搏动指数（p=0.01）均显著降低；但其余分析的多普勒参数、胎心监护（cardiotocography）及胎儿生物物理评分（fetal biophysical profile）均未出现显著变化。母体参数随运动负荷呈线性增长，但无法通过博格量表（Borg scale）建立统一判定标准，且血氧饱和度维持稳定。
结论 对于无并发症的妊娠妇女，短时间亚极量运动后胎盘血流受影响极小，这佐证健康胎儿即使在母体血流动力学发生改变的情况下，仍可维持内环境稳态。