National Crime Victimization Survey, 1992-2000

The National Crime Victimization Surveys (NCVS) series, previously called the National Crime Surveys (NCS), has been collecting data on personal and household victimization through an ongoing survey of a nationally-representative sample of residential addresses since 1973. The NCVS was designed with four primary objectives: (1) to develop detailed information about the victims and consequences of crime, (2) to estimate the number and types of crimes not reported to the police, (3) to provide uniform measures of selected types of crimes, and (4) to permit comparisons over time and types of areas. The survey categorizes crimes as "personal" or "property." Personal crimes cover rape and sexual attack, robbery, aggravated and simple assault, and purse-snatching/pocket-picking, while property crimes cover burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, and vandalism. Each respondent is asked a series of screen questions designed to determine whether she or he was victimized during the six-month period preceding the first day of the month of the interview. A "household respondent" is asked to report on crimes against the household as a whole (e.g., burglary, motor vehicle theft) as well as personal crimes against him- or herself. The data include type of crime, month, time, and location of the crime, relationship between victim and offender, characteristics of the offender, self-protective actions taken by the victim during the incident and results of those actions, consequences of the victimization, type of property lost, whether the crime was reported to police and reasons for reporting or not reporting, and offender use of weapons, drugs, and alcohol. Basic demographic information such as age, race, gender, and income is also collected, to enable analysis of crime by various subpopulations.

全国犯罪受害调查（National Crime Victimization Surveys, NCVS）系列前身为全国犯罪调查（National Crime Surveys, NCS），自1973年起，通过对具有全国代表性的居住地址样本开展持续调查，系统收集个人与家庭受害相关数据。该调查设立四大核心目标：其一，全面梳理犯罪受害人群及犯罪造成的后果等详细信息；其二，估算未向警方报案的犯罪数量与类型；其三，为选定的犯罪类型提供统一量化标准；其四，支持不同时期与不同区域间的犯罪情况对比。该调查将犯罪划分为“人身犯罪”与“财产犯罪”两类：人身犯罪涵盖强奸与性侵害、抢劫、加重攻击与轻微攻击，以及拎包抢夺/扒窃；财产犯罪则包括入室盗窃、普通盗窃、机动车盗窃与故意毁坏财物。每位受访者需回答一系列筛选问题，用于确认其在采访当月首日之前的六个月内是否遭受过犯罪侵害。“家庭受访者”需同时报告针对整个家庭的犯罪（如入室盗窃、机动车盗窃），以及针对其本人的人身犯罪。本次采集的数据集涵盖多项信息：犯罪类型、案发月份、具体时间与地点、受害者与施害者的关系、施害者特征、受害者在案发过程中采取的自我防护措施及其实施效果、受害后果、失窃财产类型、案件是否向警方报案及报案/未报案的原因，以及施害者是否使用武器、毒品或酒精等。此外还收集年龄、种族、性别、收入等基础人口统计信息，以便开展不同亚群体的犯罪情况分析。