Data_Sheet_2_Cucurbitaceae COld Peeling Extracts (CCOPEs) Protect Plants From Root-Knot Nematode Infections Through Induced Resistance and Nematicidal Effects.DOCX

With nematicides progressively being banned due to their environmental impact, an urgent need for novel and sustainable control strategies has arisen. Stimulation of plant immunity, a phenomenon referred to as “induced resistance” (IR), is a promising option. In this study, Cucurbitaceae COld Peeling Extracts (CCOPEs) were shown to protect rice (Oryza sativa) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) against the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne graminicola and Meloidogyne incognita, respectively. Focusing on CCOPE derived from peels of melon (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis; mCOPE), we unveiled that this extract combines an IR-triggering capacity with direct nematicidal effects. Under lab conditions, the observed resistance was comparable to the protection obtained by commercially available IR stimuli or nematicides. Via mRNA sequencing and confirmatory biochemical assays, it was proven that mCOPE-IR in rice is associated with systemic effects on ethylene accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and cell wall-related modifications. While no negative trade-offs were detected with respect to plant growth or plant susceptibility to necrotrophic pests or pathogens, additional infection experiments indicated that mCOPE may have a predominant activity toward biotrophs. In summary, the presented data illustrate a propitious potential for these extracts, which can be derived from agro-industrial waste streams.

由于杀线虫剂（nematicides）因环境影响逐渐被禁用，开发新型可持续防治策略的需求愈发迫切。激活植物免疫——即所谓的“诱导抗性（induced resistance, IR）”——是颇具前景的防治方向。本研究表明，葫芦科冷果皮提取物（Cucurbitaceae COld Peeling Extracts, CCOPEs）可分别保护水稻（Oryza sativa）和番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）免受禾谷根结线虫（Meloidogyne graminicola）与南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）的侵染。本研究聚焦于取自甜瓜（Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis）果皮的CCOPE（mCOPE），发现该提取物兼具诱导抗性激活能力与直接杀线虫活性。实验室条件下，该提取物诱导的抗性效果可与市售诱导抗性激活剂或杀线虫剂的防护效果相媲美。通过mRNA测序与验证性生化实验，研究证实水稻中mCOPE诱导的抗性与乙烯积累、活性氧（reactive oxygen species, ROS）代谢及细胞壁相关修饰的系统性调控密切相关。尽管未发现该提取物对植物生长、植物对死养型害虫或病原菌的敏感性存在负面权衡效应，但补充侵染实验表明，mCOPE对活体营养型生物可能具有更显著的防控活性。综上，本研究数据表明，这类可从农业工业废弃物中获取的提取物具有良好的应用潜力。