Against Red Fascism!: Anti-Communism of the Czech Antifascist Action as a Polarizing Factor on the Czech Radical Left

After the collapse of communism in 1989, several new phenomena emerged in the Czech Republic, including the far right, which built on aggressive anti-communism, nationalism, and support for right-wing currents. At the same time, there was a significant discrediting of general left-wing attitudes because of their identification with communism. The article focuses on how the Czech Antifascist Action (AFA) worked with anti-communism. The article first shows the basic principles on which anti-communism is based. It then focuses on post-communist anti-communism, specifically in the Czech Republic. At the same time, the article presents the history of anarchist anti-communism. The article then summarizes AFA's history, specifically its Czech version until the COVID-19 period. Methodologically, the article uses content analysis. The crucial data source is the texts published by AFA in their magazine Antifa News or Akce! and on their website Antifa.cz. In principle, it can be assumed that anti-communism played several distinct roles but were intertwined and mutually reinforcing. It enabled AFA to distinguish itself from the Communist Party and communism generally. The specificity of the Czech AFA's anti-communism lies in combining both approaches typical of anarchist anti-communism and approaches characteristic of the Czech variant of post-communist anti-communism.

1989年共产主义体系崩塌后，捷克共和国涌现出诸多新兴社会现象，其中便包括极右翼势力——该势力以激进反共产主义、民族主义及右翼思潮支持为核心根基发展壮大。与此同时，主流左翼立场因与共产主义绑定而遭遇严重的公信力丧失。本文聚焦捷克反法西斯行动（Czech Antifascist Action，简称AFA）的反共产主义实践逻辑。首先，本文将阐释反共产主义所依托的核心基本原则；随后聚焦后共产主义时代的反共产主义思潮，尤以捷克国内的相关实践为核心讨论对象，同时梳理无政府主义反共产主义的发展脉络。接下来，本文将概述AFA的整体发展历程，重点呈现其捷克分支直至新冠疫情时期的演进轨迹。在研究方法层面，本文采用内容分析法，核心数据源为AFA旗下期刊《Antifa News》与《Akce!》，以及其官方网站Antifa.cz发布的各类文本。本研究的核心预设为：反共产主义虽承载了多种截然不同的功能，但彼此间相互交织、互为支撑；它助力AFA与捷克共产党及广义上的共产主义划清界限。捷克AFA反共产主义理念的特殊性，在于其融合了无政府主义反共产主义的典型路径与捷克本土后共产主义反共产主义的特色范式。