Data from: On-farm dynamic management of genetic diversity: the impact of seed diffusions and seed saving practices on a population-variety of bread wheat

Since the domestication of crop species, humans have derived specific varieties for particular uses, and shaped the genetic diversity of these varieties. Here, using an interdisciplinary approach combining ethnobotany and population genetics, we document the within-variety genetic structure of a population-variety of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in relation to farmers practices to decipher their contribution to crop species evolution. Using 19 microsatellites markers, we conducted two complementary graph theory-based methods to analyze population structure and gene flow among 19 sub-populations of a single population-variety (Rouge de Bordeaux, RDB). The ethnobotany approach allowed us to determine the RDB history including diffusion and reproduction events. We found that the complex genetic structure among the RDB sub-populations is highly consistent with the structure of the seed diffusion and reproduction network drawn based on the ethnobotanical study. This structure highlighted the key role of the farmer-led seed diffusion through founder effects, selection and genetic drift due to human practices. An important result is that the genetic diversity conserved on farm is complementary to that found in the genebank indicating that both systems are required for a more efficient crop diversity conservation.

自作物物种驯化以来，人类为特定用途培育专属品种，并塑造了这些品种的遗传多样性。本研究结合民族植物学（ethnobotany）与群体遗传学的跨学科方法，针对一个面包小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）品种群体，解析其品种内遗传结构与农户种植实践的关联，以阐明其对作物物种演化的贡献。本研究采用19个微卫星标记（microsatellite markers），运用两种基于图论的互补分析方法，对单一品种群体“波尔多红麦”（Rouge de Bordeaux，简称RDB）的19个亚群体进行群体结构与基因流分析。民族植物学分析明确了RDB的演化历史，包括种子扩散与繁殖事件。研究发现，RDB亚群体间复杂的遗传结构，与基于民族植物学研究构建的种子扩散与繁殖网络结构高度吻合。该结构凸显了农户主导的种子扩散的核心作用，其通过人类耕作带来的奠基者效应、选择压力与遗传漂变塑造了群体结构。本研究的一项重要结论为：农户田间留存的遗传多样性与基因库保存的遗传多样性互为补充，这表明二者缺一不可，方能实现作物遗传多样性的高效保护。