RETRACTED DATASET: Paired watershed study data and related statistical model predictions to investigate the impact of forest removal and planting on water yield

<b>AUTHOR RETRACTION STATEMENT</b><b>The data files described in this data record were retracted on 3 March 2020, associated with the retraction of the related article. The article retraction note can be found here: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-1945-1. For full transparency, we leave the retracted data in place. The data file errors fall into three categories: (1) wrong calculation of water yield using the reported values in the source literature; (2) disparate study designs that proved limiting in the categorical binning of the type of forest treatment or ground cover change; (3) epistemic uncertainty in the source papers. An example of the latter is, after our paper was published, we were informed that the underlying data in one of the source papers showed completely opposite trends to the trends reported in the source paper. We caution against use of these data for any further analysis. To that end, we are working on a new data compilation together with all parties associated with the Matters Arising and Retraction and will alert the community to its availability here when available.</b><b><br></b><b><br></b><b>The description below remains unchanged </b><br>This dataset contains two <b>.xlsx </b>spreadsheets and two <b>.txt </b>files relating to the prediction of streamflow response to forest cover management.<br><br>The two <b>.xlsx </b>spreadsheets comprise a Paired Watershed Studies (PWS) database for 502 catchments, tabulated as 251 treatment-control catchment pairs, as follows:<br>- <b>pws data planting.xlsx</b>: data compiled from 90 paired watershed studies in which the intervention schemes involved planting (conversion, regrowth, afforestation/forestation). References to the original studies are provided, along with pertinent data such as site location, catchment area and water yield response.- <b>pws data removal.xlsx</b>: data compiled from 161 paired watershed studies in which the intervention schemes involved removal (deforestation). The spreadsheet layout is identical to <b>pws data planting.xlsx</b>.The two <b>.txt </b>files contains outputs of statistical models aimed at predicting water yield response. These are also spreadsheets, but are stored as <b>.txt</b> due to their large size. Contained data are as follows:- <b>pws model complete.txt</b>: model predictions for &gt;400 K catchments worldwide where data for all predictor variables are available. Predictor variables were: potential storage, PET (potential evapotranspiration), AET (actual evapotranspiration), rootzone storage, runoff coefficient, permeability, catchment area.- <b>pws model complete_incomplete.txt</b>: model predictions for &gt;2 million catchments worldwide. This includes catchments where data for all predictor variables are available ('complete') and not available ('incomplete').<br>The related study was a global synthesis work on PWS--which are watershed studies in which one watershed serves as a reference while the adjacent watershed(s) are treated by various forest management approaches, such as forest harvesting, conversion, afforestation. The authors aimed to assess the factors controlling streamflow response to forest planting and removal. They introduced a vegetation-to-bedrock model to explain the impacts of forest removal and planting on water yield.<br><br>Acronyms: PWS=paired watershed studies; AET=actual evapotranspiration; PET=potential evapotranspiration; P=precipitation; SDG=sustainable development goal; BRIC+US=Brazil, Russia, India, China and the United States; IQR=interquartile range; SFRA=streamflow reduction activities; RASE=root average squared error; AAE=average absolute error; RC=runoff coefficient

<b>作者撤稿声明</b><b>本数据记录中描述的数据文件已于2020年3月3日随相关文章一同被撤稿。相关文章撤稿说明可参阅：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-1945-1。为保证完全透明，我们保留了已撤稿的数据。数据文件的错误可分为三类：(1) 依据源文献报告值计算产水量时出现计算错误；(2) 研究设计存在差异，导致森林治理类型或地表覆盖变化的分类分箱工作存在局限性；(3) 源文献存在认知不确定性。后者的一例为：本文发表后，我们被告知某源文献中的原始数据所呈现的趋势与该文献报告的趋势完全相反。我们警告请勿将这些数据用于任何后续分析。为此，我们正与《Matters Arising》及撤稿相关的所有方合作开发新的数据汇编文件，待其可用后将在此处通知学界。</b><b><br></b><b><br></b><b>以下描述保持不变</b><br>本数据集包含两份<b>.xlsx</b>电子表格与两份<b>.txt</b>文件，用于预测森林覆盖管理措施对径流的响应。<br><br>两份<b>.xlsx</b>电子表格构成了涵盖502个集水区的配对流域研究（Paired Watershed Studies, PWS）数据库，以251个处理-对照集水区对的形式制表，具体如下：<br>- <b>pws data planting.xlsx</b>：收录自90项配对流域研究的数据，其干预措施涉及造林（林分改造、植被恢复、人工造林/森林营造）。文中提供了原始研究的参考文献，以及场地位置、集水区面积、产水量响应等相关数据。<br>- <b>pws data removal.xlsx</b>：收录自161项配对流域研究的数据，其干预措施涉及森林砍伐（伐林）。该电子表格的布局与<b>pws data planting.xlsx</b>完全一致。<br>两份<b>.txt</b>文件包含用于预测产水量响应的统计模型输出结果。它们本质上也属于电子表格，但因体积过大而以<b>.txt</b>格式存储，其中包含的数据如下：<br>- <b>pws model complete.txt</b>：针对全球范围内40余万个具备全部预测变量数据的集水区的模型预测结果。所用预测变量包括：潜在蓄水量、潜在蒸散发（Potential Evapotranspiration, PET）、实际蒸散发（Actual Evapotranspiration, AET）、根区蓄水量、径流系数、渗透率、集水区面积。<br>- <b>pws model complete_incomplete.txt</b>：针对全球范围内200余万个集水区的模型预测结果，涵盖具备全部预测变量数据的集水区（‘完整数据’）与不具备全部预测变量数据的集水区（‘不完整数据’）。<br>本相关研究为一项关于配对流域研究的全球综合研究——配对流域研究指以一个集水区作为参照，对相邻集水区实施各类森林管理措施（如森林采伐、林分改造、人工造林）的流域研究。作者旨在评估调控森林营造与砍伐措施下径流响应的相关因素，并引入了植被-基岩模型以解释森林砍伐与营造对产水量的影响。<br><br>缩略语说明：PWS=配对流域研究（Paired Watershed Studies）；AET=实际蒸散发（Actual Evapotranspiration）；PET=潜在蒸散发（Potential Evapotranspiration）；P=降水量；SDG=可持续发展目标（Sustainable Development Goal）；BRIC+US=巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国及美国；IQR=四分位距（interquartile range）；SFRA=径流削减活动（streamflow reduction activities）；RASE=根平均平方误差（root average squared error）；AAE=平均绝对误差（average absolute error）；RC=径流系数（runoff coefficient）