GroMoPo Metadata for Taranto area model

Mediterranean areas are characterized by complex hydrogeological systems, where management of freshwater resources, mostly stored in karstic, coastal aquifers, is necessary and requires the application of numerical tools to detect and prevent deterioration of groundwater, mostly caused by overexploitation. In the Taranto area (southern Italy), the deep, karstic aquifer is the only source of freshwater and satisfies the main human activities. Preserving quantity and quality of this system through management policies is so necessary and such task can be addressed through modeling tools which take into account human impacts and the effects of climate changes. A variable-density flow model was developed with SEAWAT to depict the \"current\" status of the saltwater intrusion, namely the status simulated over an average hydrogeological year. Considering the goals of this analysis and the scale at which the model was built, the equivalent porous medium approach was adopted to represent the deep aquifer. The effects that different flow boundary conditions along the coast have on the transport model were assessed. Furthermore, salinity stratification occurs within a strip spteading between 4 km and 7 km from the coast in the deep aquifer. The model predicts,a similar phenomenon for some submarine freshwater springs and modeling outcomes were positively compared with measurements found in the literature. Two scenarios were simulated to assess the effects of decreased rainfall and increased pumping on saline intrusion. Major differences in the concentration field with respect to the \"current\" status were found where the hydraulic conductivity of the deep aquifer is higher and such differences are higher when Dirichlet flow boundary conditions are assigned. Furthermore, the Dirichlet boundary condition along the coast for transport modeling influences the concentration field in different scenarios at shallow depths; as such, concentration values simulated under stressed conditions are lower than those simulated under undisturbed conditions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

地中海区域以复杂的水文地质系统为典型特征：该区域淡水资源多赋存于岩溶海岸含水层中，因此开展水资源管理工作尤为必要，且需借助数值工具以识别并防控因过度开采引发的地下水水质与水量退化问题。在意大利南部塔兰托（Taranto）区域，深部岩溶含水层是当地唯一的淡水来源，可满足区域主要人类活动用水需求。通过管理政策保护该含水层系统的水量与水质至关重要，而此类任务可借助兼顾人类活动影响与气候变化效应的建模工具完成。本研究采用SEAWAT软件构建变密度流模型（Variable-density flow model），以刻画咸水入侵的"当前状态"——即基于平均水文地质年度模拟得到的状态。结合本次分析目标与模型构建尺度，研究采用等效多孔介质（equivalent porous medium）方法表征深部含水层。研究评估了沿岸不同水流边界条件对溶质运移模型的影响。此外，在深部含水层内距海岸4 km至7 km的条带区域内，会出现盐度分层现象。模型还预测部分海底淡水泉也会出现类似现象，且建模结果与已发表文献中的实测数据吻合良好。本研究设置两组模拟情景，以评估降雨量减少与抽水强度增加对咸水入侵的影响。当深部含水层导水系数较高时，其浓度场与"当前状态"存在显著差异；且当采用狄利克雷（Dirichlet）水流边界条件时，此类差异更为显著。此外，沿岸采用狄利克雷（Dirichlet）边界条件开展溶质运移模拟时，会对浅层区域的浓度场产生影响：具体而言，受干扰情景下模拟得到的浓度值低于未受干扰情景下的模拟结果。© 2016 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。