Supplementary Material for: Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use Patterns and Steroid Use Disorders in a Sample of Male Gym Visitors

Introduction: The use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and other image- and performance-enhancing drugs is a growing public health concern. AAS use is associated with various physical and mental harms, including cardiovascular risks, cognitive deficiencies, and dependence. The aim of this study was to determine whether patterns of AAS use and other variables are associated with the presence of an AAS use disorder (AASUD). Methods: An online survey was completed by 103 male AAS consumers visiting gyms. The association of different patterns of AAS consumption (cycling vs. continuous forms of AAS use), psychoactive substance use, mental health disorders, and sociodemographic variables with moderate-severe AASUD (fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ≥4 criteria) was investigated. The associations between duration of AAS use and the AAS dose with moderate-severe AASUD were investigated using logistic regression analysis with moderate-severe AASUD as the dependent variable. Results: Moderate-severe AASUD was present in 25 (24.3%) of the participants. AAS consumers meeting criteria for moderate-severe AASUD, compared to those that did not, in the last 12 months reported a longer duration of AAS use (in weeks), a higher average AAS dose (mg/week), and a greater number of AAS side effects. Duration of AAS use and the AAS dose were the only independent predictors, with an increase of 3.4% in the probability of moderate-severe AASUD with every week increase of the duration of AAS use in the last year (p p Conclusion: Our findings show that moderate-severe AASUD is relatively frequent among male AAS consumers and is positively associated with the duration and average dose of AAS use in the last 12 months.

引言：同化雄激素类固醇（Anabolic Androgenic Steroids, AAS）及其他形象与体能增强药物的使用已成为日益严峻的公共卫生问题。AAS的使用与多种躯体及精神损害相关，包括心血管风险、认知功能缺陷及药物依赖。本研究旨在探讨AAS使用模式及其他变量是否与AAS使用障碍（AAS Use Disorder, AASUD）的发生存在关联。方法：本研究纳入103名前往健身房的男性AAS使用者，完成一项在线调查。本研究探讨了不同AAS使用模式（循环给药与持续给药）、精神活性物质使用、精神障碍及社会人口学变量与中重度AAS使用障碍（符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第五版≥4项诊断标准）的关联。本研究以中重度AAS使用障碍为因变量，采用逻辑回归分析探讨AAS使用时长、AAS剂量与中重度AAS使用障碍之间的关联。结果：25名（24.3%）参与者符合中重度AAS使用障碍的诊断标准。与未达到中重度AAS使用障碍诊断标准的参与者相比，符合该标准的参与者在过去12个月内的AAS使用时长（以周计）更长、平均AAS剂量（mg/周）更高，且出现的AAS不良反应数量更多。AAS使用时长与AAS剂量是仅有的独立预测因素，过去12个月内AAS使用时长每增加1周，中重度AAS使用障碍的发生概率升高3.4%（原文此处为"(p p"，疑似输入遗漏）。结论：本研究结果显示，中重度AAS使用障碍在男性AAS使用者中相对常见，且与过去12个月内的AAS使用时长及平均剂量呈正相关。