Renal Cell Carcinoma. Homo sapiens

Renal cell carcinoma comprises several histological types with different clinical behavior. Accurate pathological characterization is important in the clinical management of these tumors. We describe gene expression profiles in 41 renal tumors determined by using DNA microarrays containing 22,648 unique cDNAs representing 17,083 different UniGene Clusters, including 7230 characterized human genes. Differences in the patterns of gene expression among the different tumor types were readily apparent; hierarchical cluster analysis of the tumor samples segregated histologically distinct tumor types solely based on their gene expression patterns. Conventional renal cell carcinomas with clear cells showed a highly distinctive pattern of gene expression. Papillary carcinomas formed a tightly clustered group, as did tumors arising from the distal nephron and the normal kidney samples. Surprisingly, conventional renal cell carcinomas with granular cytoplasm were heterogeneous, and did not resemble any of the conventional carcinomas with clear cytoplasm in their pattern of gene expression. Characterization of renal cell carcinomas based on gene expression patterns provides a revised classification of these tumors and has the potential to supply significant biological and clinical insights. A disease state experiment design type is where the state of some disease such as infection, pathology, syndrome, etc is studied. Keywords: disease_state_design Overall design: Computed

肾细胞癌（Renal cell carcinoma）存在多种组织学亚型，且各亚型具有迥异的临床行为。对这类肿瘤开展精准的病理学特征鉴定，在其临床诊疗中具有重要价值。
本研究采用包含22648条独特互补DNA（cDNA）的DNA微阵列（DNA microarray），对41例肾肿瘤的基因表达谱进行测定；上述cDNA对应17083个不同的UniGene簇（UniGene Clusters），涵盖7230个已注释的人类基因。
不同肿瘤亚型的基因表达模式差异显著；对肿瘤样本进行的层级聚类分析（hierarchical cluster analysis）仅依据基因表达模式，即可将组织学特征各异的肿瘤亚型清晰区分。
伴透明胞质的经典型肾细胞癌呈现出极具特征性的基因表达模式。乳头状癌（papillary carcinoma）形成了紧密聚类的组别，源自远端肾单位的肿瘤与正常肾脏样本亦呈现出类似的聚类特征。
令人意外的是，伴颗粒胞质的经典型肾细胞癌具有显著异质性，其基因表达模式与所有伴透明胞质的经典型肾细胞癌均无相似性。
基于基因表达模式对肾细胞癌进行特征鉴定，可为这类肿瘤提供修订后的分类体系，并有望为相关生物学与临床研究提供重要见解。
疾病状态实验设计类型指的是针对感染、病理异常、综合征等各类疾病状态开展研究的实验设计类型。
关键词：disease_state_design 整体实验设计：计算分析